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Assessing Organisational Performance in Promoting Community Development: A Case Study from the Peruvian Amazon Karla Wesley. Table 4.4 Key Dates In Peruvian Legislation for PSNR. Source: INRENA and Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental 2002:263,264. 2000 PSNR Zones of Use.
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Assessing Organisational Performance in Promoting Community Development: A Case Study from the Peruvian Amazon Karla Wesley
Table 4.4 Key Dates In Peruvian Legislation for PSNR Source: INRENA and Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambiental 2002:263,264.
2000 PSNR Zones of Use Adapted from the 2000 PSNR Master Plan, pp. 36-46.
Pacaya-Samiria Stakeholders • Community Residents (Approximately 33,000 inside and 67,000 in buffer) • Mestizo and Indigenous • Park Guards (the land managers) • Peruvian Government • Regional and local governments • Department of Fisheries • International and regional NGOs
External Constraints upon NGO Objectives in PSNR • Vast distances between isolated communities • Only 3% PSNR arable land • History of Extraction in region for generations and Role of Patrons • Lack of access to education • Illegal Harvesting • Indigenous Identity & Land Rights
“it is impossible to separate the problem of tribal minorities from the problem of social class (Varese 1975:5)” as indigenous peoples of the Amazon have been interacting with rubber gatherers, traders, settlers, and lumbermen for centuries.
“The final goal of the Program is to contribute to the satisfaction of the population’s basic needs, the base of sustainable use of resources.” Dr. José López Parodi, Director, Programa Integral de Desarrollo del Pacaya-Samiria, WWF-Denmark/AIK-Danish Labour Party “The purpose of the Program is to make compatible the protection of biodiversity with the sustainable use of the resources. Our focus is based in three principles: save, know, and use.” Engineer Oscar Rada, Pro Naturaleza (Fundación Peruana de la Conservación de la Naturaleza) (Chirif 1997:2,3).
Community Map Drawn by Veinte de Enero Community Members(2000) • CECODES
WWF-PeruProvided Funds for Conservation Infrastructure (Park Guard Stations, Park Guard Salaries & Training)
Key Indicators Negative • 800,000 palms planted created monoculture and dependency on one product • Frustration with lack of development growth within agricultural communities undermined conservation wins. • While fifty six communities have Community Watch Groups to prevent illegal loggers, over a hundred communities do not. • Antagonistic relationship between project leaders undermined coordinated efforts by both organisations.
Key Indicators • Positives • Basic Conservation Vocabulary found in even isolated communities. • Increased Demand by Residents for Park Guard Presence. • Increase Community Demand for Conservation Training. • Communities with diversified income sources are more resilient to economic downturns in specific markets.