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NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS

NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS. PRESENTATION TO THE NARUC GROUP BY ENGR. BOLA ODUBIYI COMMISISIONER – ENGINEERING, STANDARDS & SAFETY. NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION. OVERVIEW.

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NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS

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  1. NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH ANDSAFETY STANDARDS PRESENTATION TO THE NARUC GROUP BY ENGR. BOLA ODUBIYI COMMISISIONER – ENGINEERING, STANDARDS & SAFETY NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

  2. OVERVIEW THE NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS CREATED UNDER THIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM REPRESENTS A TECHNICAL REFERENCE DOCUMENT WITH BOTH GENERAL AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC EXAMPLES AND GUIDELINES OF GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY PRACTICE (GIIP). THE INDUSTRY GUIDELINES ARE DESIGNED TO BE USED TO ADDRESS COMMON SAFETY ISSUES SPECIFIC TO THE INDUSTRY SECTOR.

  3. STATUS • BASELINE SAFETY STATISTICS DO NOT YET EXIST • INDUSTRY SECTOR STATISTICS ARE BEING COMPILED BY NERC • BUT THE GENERAL BELIEF IS THAT THEY ARE POOR

  4. SOME STATISTICS FROM THE U.S. • NEARLY 50 WORKERS ARE INJURED EVERY MINUTE OF THE WORK WEEK • 17 WORKERS DIE ON-THE-JOB EACH DAY • WORKPLACE INJURIES COST SOCIETY $128 BILLION IN LOSSES PER YEAR • EQUALS ONE-QUARTER OF EACH DOLLAR OF PRETAX CORPORATE PROFITS • INDIRECT COSTS OF INJURIES MAY BE 20 TIMES THE DIRECT COSTS

  5. INDIRECT COSTS INCLUDE TRAINING AND COMPENSATING REPLACEMENT WORKERS; REPAIRING DAMAGED PROPERTY; ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRECTIVE ACTIONS; SCHEDULING DELAYS AND LOST PRODUCTIVITY; ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES; LOW EMPLOYEE MORALE AND INCREASED ABSENTEEISMS; POOR CUSTOMER AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS

  6. OSHA'S OFFICE OF REGULATORY ANALYSIS HAS STATED …our evidence suggests that companies that implement effective safety and health programs can expect reductions of 20% or greater in their injury and illness rates and a return of $4 to $6 for every $1 invested...

  7. FORBES MAGAZINE (2001) REPORTED THERE IS A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN A COMPANY'S PERFORMANCE IN SAFETY AND ITS SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE IN PRODUCTIVITY AND FINANCIAL RESULTS. THEY POINTED OUT THAT THE TOP TEN FINANCIALLY RANKED U.S. BUSINESSES HAD THE HIGHEST RATED OSHA SAFETY PROGRAMS

  8. STATUS IN NIGERIA CURRENT STANDARDS DATE BACK TO THE 1980s EXISTING STANDARDS DO NOT EXIST AS CODES STANDARDS UNEVENLY APPLIED MANY FACILITIES HAVE NO FORMAL SAFETY PROGRAMS CORPORATE POLICY TOWARDS SAFETY DOES NOT EXIST ENFORCEMENT IS LACKING

  9. NERC NEEDS TO DEFINE AND APPLY METRICS TO REDUCE ACCIDENTS OVER TIME U.S. WORKER INJURIES PER 100 WORKERS

  10. NERC NEEDS TO FOCUS ON • DEVELOPING PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTIONS • ENFORCE SELF REPORTING • ESTABLISH GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE AS LAW • DEFINE THE RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES • MAKE FIRST LINE SUPERVISORS LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE • CODIFY THE DRAFT STANDARDS CREATED • ESTABLISH ITSELF AS A RESOURCE TO INDUSTRY INITIALLY BUT THEN ENFORCE AGGRESSIVELY

  11. POTENTIAL COUNTRY IMPACTS DIRECT DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

  12. DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS ARE WELL KNOWN FROM OTHER COUNTRIES • GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY PRACTICE (GIIP) IS A STRATEGIC PART OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY • SAFER WORK ENVIRONMENTS LEADS TO • IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY • ASSET PROTECTION • HIGHER PROFITS • EVERY $1 INVESTMENT INTO SAFETY HAS $4-6 RETURN • FACILITATION OF MORE RELIABLE POWER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION • HIGH LEVELS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT • IMPROVED MARKET CONDITIONS • GREATER INVESTOR CONFIDENCE

  13. POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS • LIFE AND PRODUCTIVITY • INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS LEAD TO LOSS OF LIFE AND PRODUCTIVITY, CAUSE DOWN-TIME OF PROCESSES AND DAMAGE INFRASTRUCTURE. • PUBLIC RELATIONS • PUBLIC REACTION TO ACCIDENTS OR OUTFALLS FROM INCIDENTS CAN BE A SERIOUS PROBLEM. • INVESTMENTS AND PARTNERS • ADVERSE PUBLICITY AND POOR PRODUCTIVITY REDUCES THE ATTRACTIVENESS FOR INVESTORS AND PARTNERS.

  14. POTENTIAL MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM IMPACTS WORKER-ORIENTED MARKET-DRIVEN IS BASED ON A COOPERATIVE, COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH. IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO MANAGE SAFETY AND HEALTH ACTIVELY, TO INVOLVE WORKERS, TO STAY AHEAD OF GOVERNMENT STANDARDS, AND TO USE THE MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND HEALTH TO CREATE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES. IN OTHER COUNTRIES EMPLOYERS HAVE ACCOMPLISHED REMARKABLE REDUCTIONS IN THEIR WORKER'S COMPENSATION COSTS BY ADOPTING THAT PRACTICE.

  15. POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS • ADOPTION OF GIIP THROUGH THE HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS STRENGTHENED BY ENFORCEMENT AND WORKER TRAINING WILL REDUCE ACCIDENTS. • THIS IN TURN WILL REDUCE RISKS TO EXISTING AND NEWLY PLANNED INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL AS AID IN SUSTAINABILITY.

  16. POTENTIAL HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING IMPACTS RISKS MITIGATION TRAINING AND OUTREACH INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT COMBINE ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY, POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SECURITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CONSULTING BOTH FROM THE NERC WORKFORCE AND GRASS ROOTS PRIVATE SECTOR FINANCIAL EXPERTISE ON COST-BENEFIT, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY

  17. NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS MANUAL Available in both hardcopy and electronic format

  18. HOW THE STANDARDS ARE ORGANIZED • EXTENSIVE PUBLICATION CONTAINING BOTH • GENERAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS • POWER SECTOR SPECIFIC TECHNICAL GUIDELINES, STANDARDS AND GIIP • A DOCUMENT COVERING MORE THAN 800 PAGES OF GIIP • AS A TOOL TO BE USED • ELECTRONICALLY • AS A DESK REFERENCE • CAPABLE OF BEING PLACED ON A SERVER AND ACCESSED THROUGH THE NERC WEBSITE • AS A LIVING DOCUMENT • FORMAL DOCUMENT RETENTION PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES

  19. RECOMMENDED NEXT STEPS • INITIALLY PROMOTE VOLUNTARY ADOPTION THROUGH • OUTREACH • TRAIN THE TRAINER • BEGIN TRANSFORMING STANDARDS INTO LEGAL CODES • FOLLOW U.S. NIOSH/OSHA MODEL ON PATH TO REGULATIONS • CONDUCT BASELINE SAFETY AUDITS • PROVIDE INDUSTRY WITH SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATIONS AND CORRECTOVE ACTIONS • ETSABLISH TIMELINES FOR COMPLIANCE • ETSABLISH ENFORCEMENT DIVISION • CHECK STATUS OF INITIAL VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE • IMPOSE NOTICES OF VIOLATIONS (NOVs) • CITATIONS • FINES, PENEALTIES

  20. TABLE OF CONTENTS Sec 2(c) Radiation Monitors and Meters 2(c)(1) Introduction 2(c)(2) Light 2(c)(3) Ionizing Radiation 2(c)(4) Nonionizing Radiation 2(c)(5) Survey Meters for Radiation Detection 2(c)(6) Pocket Dosimeters 2(c)(7) Audible Alarm Rate Meters and Digital Electronic Dosimeters 2(c)(8) Film Badges 2(c)(9) Thermoluminescent Dosimeters 2(c)(10) Annex – Guide to Meter Selection and Applications 2(c)(11) Bibliography Sec 2(d) Electrical/Electronics Testing Meters 2(d)(1) Introduction 2(d)(2) Electronic Test Equipment Types 2(d)(3) General Information on Safe Use Sec 2(e) Safe Chemical Handling 2(e)(1) Introduction 2(e)(2) Reference Standards 2(e)(3) Safe Chemical Exposure Tables Part I. How to Evaluate Safety Programs 1(a) Introduction 1(b) Creating a Culture of Safety 1(c) Good Housekeeping 1(d) New Employee Orientation 1(e) Worker Rights Part II. Safety and Best Industry Practices Sec 2(a) Air Quality Testing and Monitoring 2(a)(1) Introduction 2(a)(2) Methods of Sampling and Testing 2(a)(3) Samplers and Monitors 2(a)(4) Batteries 2(a)(5) Adverse Conditions 2(a)(6) Appendix - Instrument Chart 2(a)(7) Bibliography Sec 2(b) Noise Testing and Monitoring 2(b)(1) Introduction 2(b)(2) Noise Monitors and Meters 2(b)(3) Occupational Noise Exposure Standard 2(b)(5) Bibliography

  21. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Sec 2(f) Job Hazards Analysis Assessment 2(f)(1) Introduction 2(f)(2) Responsibility and Tailgate Meetings 2(f)(3) Hazards Assessment 2(f)(4) Hazard Assessment and PPE Checklists 2(f)(5) Bibliography Sec 2(g) Personal Protection Equipment 2(g)(1) Introduction 2(g)(2) General Provisions 2(g)(3) Requirements of a PPE Program 2(g)(4) Guidelines for PPE Selection 2(g)(5) Worker Training 2(g)(6) Eye and Face Protection 2(g)(7) Head Protection 2(g)(8) Foot and Leg Protection 2(g)(9) Hand and Arm Protection 2(g)(10) Protective Equipment for the Body 2(g)(11) Hearing Protection 2(g)(12) Respiratory Protection 2(g)(13) Bibliography Sec 2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation 2(h)(1) Introduction 2(h)(2) First Aid Assessments 2(h)(3) Elements of a First Aid Training Program Sec 2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation (cont.) 2(h)(4) Periodic Program Updates 2(h)(5) First Aiders 2(h)(6) First Aid Training and Certification 2(h)(7) First Aid for Electric Shock 2(h)(8) Skills Update 2(h)(9) First aid Supplies 2(h)(10) Bibliography Sec 2(i) Fire Protection, Evacuation, First Responder and Emergency Planning 2(i)(1) Flammability Properties 2(i)(2) Ignition Temperature 2(i)(3) Flammability Limits 2(i)(4) Vapor Density 2(i)(5) Specific Gravity 2(i)(6) Water Solubility 2(i)(7) Responding to Fires 2(i)(8) Fire Fighting Agents 2(i)(9) Electrical Fire Prevention 2(i)(10) Firefighting Guidance 2(i)(11) Specialized Rescue Procedures 2(i)(12) First Responder to Electrical Fire Incidents 2(i)(13) Evacuation Planning 2(i)(14) Bibliography

  22. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Sec 2(j) Electric Shock and Lockout/Tagout 2(j)(1) Introduction 2(j)(2) Fuses 2(j)(3) GFCIs 2(j)(4) Electrical Shock 2(j)(5) Feedback Electrical Energy 2(j)(6) Universal Precautions 2(j)(7) Training Programs 2(j)(8) Protective Equipment and Work Practices 2(j)(9) Detection of Low Voltage 2(j)(10) Lockout/Tagout 2(j)(11) Lockout Devices 2(j)(12) Specific Procedures for Logout/Tagout 2(j)(13) Bibliography Sec 2(k) Hand Tool and Workshop Machines 2(k)(1) Introduction 2(k)(2) What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools? 2(k)(3) What Are the Dangers of Power Tools? 2(k)(4) Guards 2(k)(5) Operating Controls and Switches 2(k)(6) Electric Tools 2(k)(7) Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools 2(k)(8) Pneumatic Tools 2(k)(9) Liquid Fuel Tools 2(k)(10) Powder-Actuated Tools Sec 2(k) Hand Tool and Workshop Machines (cont.) 2(k)(11) Hydraulic Power Tools 2(k)(12) General Requirements of Safety in Workshops Policy 2(k)(13) Machinery Installation 2(k)(14) Machine Controls 2(k)(15) Machine Guards 2(k)(16) Service Installations 2(k)(17) Grinding and Polishing Machines 2(k)(18) Milling Machines 2(k)(19) Metal-Cutting Guillotines 2(k)(20) General Considerations 2(k)(21) Solvent Degreasing 2(k)(22) Bibliography

  23. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Sec 2(l) Lineman General Safety Practices 2(l)(1) Introduction 2(l)(2) Scope 2(l)(3) Shock Hazard Analysis 2(l)(4) Regulatory Issues 2(l)(5) Standard Requirements 2(l)(6) Test Equipment Industry Recognized Good Practices 2(l)(7) Flash Hazard Analysis 2(l)(8) Blast Hazard Analysis 2(l)(9) Selection of Electrical Protective Equipment 2(l)(10) Exterior Safety Rules 2(l)(11) Exterior Working Practices 2(l)(12) Electrical Safety Rules 2(l)(13) Transformers and Circuit Breakers 2(l)(14) Wire Markers 2(l)(15) Adequacy and Effectiveness of the Training Program 2(l)(16) Bibliography Sec 2(m) Electrical Safe Work Practices Plan 2(m)(1) Introduction 2(m)(2) Training 2(m)(3) Qualified Person 2(m)(4) Safe Work Practices 2(m)(5) Bibliography Sec 2(n) Electrical Equipment 2(n)(1) Introduction 2(n)(2) Electrical Safety Facts 2(n)(3) Vehicular and Mechanical Equipment 2(n)(4) Use of Equipment 2(n)(5) Test Equipment 2(n)(6) Bibliography Sec 2(o) Ladder Safety 2(o)(1) Introduction 2(o)(2) General Requirements 2(o)(3) Ladder Hazards/Prevention Tips 2(o)(4) Ladder Selection 2(o)(5) Ladder Maintenance 2(o)(6) Ladder Inspections 2(o)(7) Bibliography

  24. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Sec 2(p) Forklift Safety 2(p)(1) Introduction 2(p)(2) Pre-Qualifications for Forklift Operators 2(p)(3) Safe Operating Procedures 2(p)(4) Changing and Charging Storage Batteries 2(p)(5) Operations 2(p)(6) Traveling 2(p)(7) Loading 2(p)(8) Fueling 2(p)(9) Maintenance 2(p)(10) Training 2(p)(11) Refresher Training and Evaluation 2(p)(12) Bibliography Sec 2(q) Crane Operation Safety 2(q)(1) Lifting Principles 2(q)(2) Operational Considerations 2(q)(3) Construction Requirements 2(q)(4) Inspection Guidelines 2(q)(5) Glossary of Useful Terms 2(q)(6) Bibliography Sec 2(r) Scaffolds and Other Work Platforms 2(r)(1) Introduction 2(r)(2) Scaffold Safety 2(r)(3) Bibliography Sec 2(s) Safe Work Practices Near Power Lines 2(s)(1) Introduction 2(s)(2) Plan Ahead 2(s)(3) Safe Work Practices 2(s)(4) Bibliography Sec 2(t) Functional Safety for Electric PowerTransmission 2(t)(1) Introduction 2(t)(2) Structure of Electric Power Systems 2(t)(3) Hazards in Electric Power Systems 2(t)(3) Assuring Functional Safety 2(t)(4) Recommended References Sec 2(u) Excavations and Trenching 2(u)(1) Introduction 2(u)(2) Recommended Practices 2(u)(3) Safety Guidelines 2(u)(4) Excavation and Trenching Safety Program 2(u)(5) Requirements for Protective Systems 2(u)(6) Definitions 2(u)(7) Bibliography

  25. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Sec 2(y) Safe Welding Practices 2(y)(1) Identifying Safe Welding Practices 2(y)(2) Definitions 2(y)(3) General Provisions 2(y)(4) Inspections 2(y)(5) Ventilation Guidelines for Welding Operations 2(y)(6) Bibliography Part III. Worker Safety Rules 3(a) Critical Incident Stress 3(b) Toxic Industrial Chemicals 3(c) Electrical Protective Devices 3(d) Hand Protection 3(e) Hazard Assessment and Personal Protective Equipment Selection 3(f) Sanitation 3(g) Safety Color Code for Marking Physical Hazards 3(h) Specifications for Accident Prevention Signs and Tags 3(i) Permits for Confined Spaces 3(j) Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) 3(k) Medical Services and First Aid III-50 3(l) Fire Protection 3(m) Handling Materials Sec 2(v) Confined Spaces 2(v)(1) Identifying Confined Spaces 2(v)(2) Identifying Confined Space Hazards 2(v)(3) Model Confined Space Entry Program 2(v)(4) Personnel Responsibilities and Training 2(v)(5) Glossary 2(v)(6) Bibliography APPENDIX A: Copy of Confined Space Entry Permit APPENDIX B: Pre-Entry Planning Worksheet Sec 2(w) Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety 2(w)(1) Introduction 2(w)(2) Identification 2(w)(3) Handling & Use 2(w)(4) Transportation of Cylinders 2(w)(5) Bibliography Sec 2(x) Drum Handling Safety 2(x)(1) Introduction 2(x)(2) Types of Drums 2(x)(3) Drum Inspection, Handling, and Staging Inspection 2(x)(4) Leaking, Open, and Deteriorated Drums 2(x)(5) Preventing Back Injuries

  26. TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Part III. Worker Safety Rules (cont.) 3(n) Slings 3(o) Bibliography Part 3 Annex Materials Provided by TVA and USDA Annex A Accident Investigation Annex B Electrical Switching Operation Annex C Temporary Protective Grounding for Generating Stations and Other Non-Transmission Facilities Annex D Guarding Energized Electrical Equipment Annex E Jumpers Annex F Portable Electric Tools and Attachments Annex G Safe Distribution systems Annex H Temporary Lighting Annex I Vehicle Operations Near Energized Lines or Equipment Annex J Responsibilities and General Requirements for Transmission Employees Annex K Transmission/Substation/Telecommunication Annex L Specifications and Drawings for Underground Electric Distribution Part IV. Recordkeeping, Training and Inspections, Accident Investigation and Reporting 4(a) Introduction 4(b) Safety Recordkeeping Practices and Protocols 4(c) Accident Recordkeeping Forms 4(d) Safety Training and Recordkeeping 4(e) OHSAS 18001 (Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series) 4(f) Bibliography Part V. Risk and Vulnerability Assessments 5(a) Risk Management 5(b) Crisis Management 5(c) Vulnerability Assessments 5(d) Bibliography Part VI. Subject Index

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