CHAPTER 34 THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL

1. CHAPTER 34 THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE NEW DEAL

3. “HOOVERVILLES”

4. Election of 1932 • Voters want economic improvement • Hoover is nominated for Republicans • Franklin Delano Roosevelt chosen for Democrats • 5th Cousin of TR • Eleanor became political partner • TR’s Niece • She is the most active 1st Lady • FDR had to prove he was not an invalid

5. Election of 1932 • Hoover said his policies kept the GD from becoming worse. • FDR attacked Hoover’s spending • Ironic -FDR spends much more • FDR 472 electoral • He got the black vote • Hoover 59

6. Three R’s: Relief, Recovery, & Reform • “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” • Bank holiday March 6-10 • Hundred Days Congress • Democratic Congress • Congress gives FDR blank-check powers • New reforms – unemployment insurance, old age insurance, minimum-wage reg., restrictions on child labor.

7. Roosevelt Tackles Money & Banking • Emergency Banking Act of 1933 • Fireside Chats to gain support. • Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act • Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • FDR gets nation off gold standard

8. Creating Jobs for the Jobless • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLCA) • Civilian Workers Administration (CWA)

9. Day for Every Demagogue • Father Charles Coughlin • Catholic priest Michigan • Dislike ND and voiced it on radio • Senator Huey P. Long • LA popular for “Share the Wealth” • Unrealistic plan. • Dr. Francis E. Townsend • CA had a plan for senior citizens to get $200 a month if spent within a month • Mathematically crazy plan

10. New Visibility for Women • First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt most visible • Frances Perkins – Secretary of Labor • First female cabinet member

11. Helping Industry and Labor • National Recovery Administration • Help labor, industry, and unemployment • Later shut down my Supreme Court • Public Works Administration • Intended to extend industrial recovery and unemployment relief • Headed by Harold L. Ickes – Secretary of the Interior

12. 1933 - 21st Amendment 21st Amendment repealed Prohibition. Congress- Legalize light wine and beer with alcohol content of 3.2% or less and also levied a $5 tax on every barrel manufactured.

13. Paying Farmers Not to Farm • Agricultural Adjustment Agency • Paid Farmers to reduce crop acreage and would eliminate price-depressing surpluses • Rocky start – increase unemployment • Supreme Court killed it in 1936 • 2nd AAA of 1938 more comprehensive • Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936 • Paid farmers to plant soil-conserving plants (soybeans) or let land fallow

14. Dust Bowl and Black Blizzards • Drought of 1933 – winds whip dust into air. Parts of MO, TX, KS, AR, OK • 1934 Frazier- Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act- suspension of mortgage foreclosures for 5 years. • Supreme Court struck down 1935 but later changed to 3 years. • 1935 FDR – Resettlement Administration

15. Dust Bowl

17. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 • Indian “New Deal” • Encouraged tribes to preserve their culture and traditions and set up their own local self-government • 77 tribes refused to organize • 200 tribes did.

18. Battling Bankers and Big Business • Federal Securities Act • “Truth in Securities Act” • Required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks & Bonds • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Stock watchdog administrative agency

19. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • 1933 sought to discover how much it took to produce electricity and keep rates reasonable. • Constructed dams on the Tennessee River • Helped 2.5 million citizens • Hydroelectric power in TN expanded west

20. Federal Reform and Social Security • 1934 Federal Housing Administration (FHA) • Small loans to householders • U.S. Housing Authority (USHA) • Lend money to states or communities for low-cost construction • Social Security Act of 1935 • Created pensions for old age, blind, the physically handicapped, delinquent children, & other dependents.

21. New Deal for Labor • Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) of 1935 • Took place of NRA • Guaranteed labor unions to organize • 1935 Committee for Industrial Organization • 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

22. Election of 1936 • Kansas Governor Alfred M. Landon runs for Republicans • FDR runs for reelection • Roosevelt wins by landslide • FDR gets 523 electoral votes • Landon gets 8 electoral votes • Democrats get over 2/3 majority in both Houses and Senate

23. Election of 1936 Results

24. Nine Old Men on the Bench • 20th Amendment – Lame Duck • President moves in January (instead of March. • FDR controlled both houses (Democrats) • Supreme Court was conservative • 6 of 9 members were over 70. • He tired up the number of justices up from 9 to 15. • This backfired on him – “he’s a dictator.”

25. Twilight of the New Deal • FDR’s 1st term • Unemployment down 25% in 1932 to 15% in 1936. • 1937 “Roosevelt Recession” • Economy took a brief downturn cause by government policies. • 1937 Congress passes Reorganization Act • Gave FDR limited power to administrative reforms • Hatch Act of 1939 • Barred federal administrative officials from active political campaigning.