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Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases. Prevention and Treatment. Misconceptions – These statements are Fals e!. Antibiotics can cure all types of infectious diseases Antibiotics can be taken to prevent infections

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Infectious Diseases

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  1. Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

  2. Misconceptions – These statements are False! Antibiotics can cure all types of infectious diseases Antibiotics can be taken to prevent infections Colds and Flu are caused by bacteria (or general confusion over which illnesses are caused by viruses vs. bacteria) You can get the flu from the flu shot Viruses are living organisms

  3. Overview Infectious Diseases Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protists that cause Infectious Diseases Transmission of Diseases Prevention of Diseases Treatment of Diseases

  4. Infectious disease • Defined as: • A disease caused by a microscopic pathogen such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites • These diseases can be transmitted from person to person

  5. Bacteria and Disease • Bacteria cause disease when they build up in large numbers in an affected area of the body. • The toxins from the bacteria “overload” a person’s immune system and it’s ability to remove these poisons • This can have varying effects on the host (depending on bacteria/disease) • decrease function of cells and tissues • destroying cells and tissues

  6. Examples Adapted from Nelson Biology 11 College Preparation

  7. Viruses and Disease • Viruses depend on host cells to survive and reproduce • Through the process of reproduction, viruses attack host cells • This is what causes the symptoms of the disease • Viral Infections are often difficult to treat Why do you think this is?

  8. Examples How do Viruses compare to Bacteria size wise?

  9. Protists and Disease • Protistswhich are single celled eukaryotes (examples include amoeba, paramecium) • Protists can be parasitic, causing harm to the host organism • What is meant by parasitic?

  10. Examples

  11. Fungi and Disease Fungi are responsible for many human diseases. These diseases are referred to as mycoses Most are simply bothersome Some can be life threatening

  12. Examples • Amanita phalloides(a.k.a Dead cap) world’s most dangerous mushroom. Eating one or two can be fatal

  13. Disease Transmission Infectious diseases can spread easily from person to person in five different ways 1._______________________________ 2._______________________________ 3._______________________________ 4._______________________________ 5._______________________________

  14. Disease Transmission Infectious diseases can spread easily from person to person in five different ways 1. Air 2. Food 3. Water 4. Person to Person contact (direct or indirect) 5. Animal bites

  15. Examples of Transmission Methods Adapted from Modern Biology (2002)

  16. Prevention • Vaccinations • Immune System • Specific • Non-Specific – Body’s “first line of defense” for preventing pathogens from entering the body

  17. Non-Specific Immunity • Skin – keratin shield acts as a barrier • Sweat, oils, and waxes released by skin – toxic to many bacteria and fungi • Mucus membranes – Barrier secretes mucus which traps pathogens • Stomach Acid – destroys most swallowed pathogens • Inflammatory Response – Injured cells send a chemical signal as pathogens enter (through a cut for example). Chemical signal attracts phagocytes to destroy foreign pathogen • Fever – Body’s response to infection

  18. Specific Immunity – The Immune System • Include several organs within the body working together to identify pathogens and kill them • Bone marrow • Thymus • Lymph Nodes • Tonsils • Adenoids • Spleen A great animated video to describe the immune system

  19. Vaccinations • Vaccines contain pathogens or toxins that have been modified so they can no longer cause disease • They contain antigens that stimulate an immune response  this produces memory cells • Some diseases that have been controlled through vaccines: • Polio, Measles, Mumps, Tetanus, Diphtheria,

  20. Treatment Different depending on the pathogen causing the disease

  21. References http://emedicine.medscape.com/infectious_diseases http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/infection-and-diseases/diseases-caused-by-bacteria.htm http://www.ehow.com/about_5139239_diseases-do-protists-cause.html http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/diseases/guide/understanding1.htm http://www.fungi4schools.org/Documentation/03World-of-Fungi/WF05_Fungi_and_Disease.pdf http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/media/nr-rp/2005/2005_3bk1-eng.php

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