Chapter 14: What Is An Animal?

1. Chapter 14: What Is An Animal? Standard S7L1: The diversity of living organisms and how they can be compared scientifically

2. Vertebrates Invertebrates Animal has NO BACKBONE Examples: Insects, snails, jellyfish, worms, etc. • Animal has a BACKBONE • Examples: Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds mammals What’s the difference?

3. MULTICELLULAR • REPRODUCTION • Eukaryote domain • Sexually (2 parents) • Embryo: Early stage of development • Asexually (1 parent) 5 CHARACTERISTICS

4. 3. Specialized Parts • Differentiattion • Cells develop into different kinds of cells • Tissues: a collection of similar cells • Organs: group of tissues that carry out special functions of the body 5 CHARACTERISTICS

5. MOVEMENT • CONSUMING • Most animals move from place to place while some attach to rocks. • Eats other organisms • Cannot make their own food 5 CHARACTERISTICS

6. INNATE BEHAVIOR LEARNED BEHAVIOR Learned from experience or from observing other animals • Behavior that does NOT depend on learning or experience • Inherited behavior Behavior

7. FINDING FOOD • Predators eat other animals. • PREY is eaten by another animal. SURVIVAL BEHAVIORS

8. 2. MARKING TERRITORY • Saves energy by avoiding competition for food, mating and raising their young • Territory: an area that is occupied by one animal or by a group of animals that do NOT allow others to enter SURVIVAL BEHAVIORS

9. DEFENSE ACTION • COURTSHIP • PARENTING • Protects their resources, territories, food, mates and offspring • Special behaviors that help animals find a mate • Most young animals depend on their parents to take care of them SURVIVAL BEHAVIORS

10. Biological Clock • Internal control of an animal’s internal cycles • Use length of daylight and temp to set their clock • Control hibernation, reproducing, migration, internal changes BIOLOGICAL CLOCK

11. MIGRATION • Travel from one place to another to find food • Use landmarks to find way • Examples: whales , salmon, bats, chimpanzees, monarch butterflies SEASONAL BEHAVIOR

12. HIBERNATION • Period of inactivity and decreased body temp that some animals experience in winter • Use stored body fat • Heart rate, temp, breathing rate decrease • May sleep for weeks • Examples: bears, mice, squirrels, skunks SEASONAL BEHAVIOR

13. ESTIVATION • Reduced activity in the summer desert SEASONAL BEHAVIOR

14. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR Interaction among animals of the same species that is dependent on communication ANIMAL COMMUNICATION

15. COMMUNICATION • A transfer of a signal or message from one animal to another that results n some type of response • To defend territory, find food, warn others of danger, identify family members, frighten predators , find mates ANIMAL COMMUNICATION

16. SOUND • Making noises, like, howling, whistling, clicking , singing WAYS TO COMMUNICATE

17. TOUCH • CHEMICAL • Communicates friendship and support • Example: chimpanzees • Release of PHEROMONES—warn of danger of announce friends, find a mate, control reproduction WAYS TO COMMUNICATE

18. SIGHT • Body language communicates many ideas, like intimidation, courtship, blinking (fireflies), playing, locating food. WAYS TO COMMUNICATE

19. ADVANTAGES • PRIDES groups of lions • Safety, locating food, can kill a larger prey • DISADVANTAGES • Competition for food, mates, attracts more predators, increases the spread of disease LIVING TOGETHER