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Critical Reflection

Critical Reflection. Divergent Cultures. William Kwok  Enoch Ng  Ainsley Hart  Axel Durand-Smet  Mahmoud Abu Hannoud  Martina Nikic. Introduction to cross-cultural analysis Comparative analysis of assigned articles Contribution of other articles Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

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Critical Reflection

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  1. Critical Reflection Divergent Cultures William KwokEnochNgAinsley Hart Axel Durand-SmetMahmoudAbu HannoudMartina Nikic

  2. Introduction to cross-cultural analysis Comparative analysis of assigned articles Contribution of other articles Hofstede’s Value Dimensions Importance of Hofstede’smodel Improvements of Hofstede’s model Relation to Factbook – Banking Industry Table of Contents

  3. Also known as comparative analysis. • Crucial for identifying aspects of human culture. • Can aid in understanding of individual traits. • Statistical cross-cultural comparisons can be used to discover traits shared between cultures. Introduction to cross-cultural analysis

  4. Comparative analysis of assigned articles

  5. Importance of Hofstede’s theory and framework: Analysis of ethical policies in firms around the world • Improvement of Schwartz’ methods: SVS  PVQ • Analysis within a culture: “Pancultural Analysis” • Location effect • Patterning effect Contribution of other articles

  6. Trompenaar Schwartz (PVQ) Contribution of other articles

  7. Theories and Models

  8. Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

  9. Source: http://geert-hofstede.com/switzerland.html Hofstede’s Value Dimensions

  10. Many other theoretical models have been the product of Hofstede’s model. • Provided numerous statistical results about culture. • Influenced Trompenaars’ model i.e. closeness of collectivism vs. individualism of Hofstede and communitarianism vs. individualism of Trompenaars. Importance of Hofstede’smodel

  11. Improvements of Hofstede’smodel – Trompenaar (1993)

  12. Improvements of Hofstede’smodel – Schwartz (1992)

  13. Improvements of Hofstede’smodel – Schwartz (1999)

  14. Switzerland Poland More risk averse Score of 93 on Hofstede’s scale. Higher power distance Score of 68 on Hofstede’s scale. • Relatively risk averse • Score of 58 on Hofstede’s scale. • Lower power distance • Score of 31 on Hofstede’s scale. What effect will these differing scores have on how the banking sector operates in the different countries? Relation to Factbook – Banking Industry

  15. A quarter century of Culture’s Consequences: A review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede’s cultural values framework by Kirkman, Loweand Gibson (2006) • On the Empirical Identification of Dimensions for Cross-Cultural Comparisonsby Leung and Bond (1989) • Cultural Values and International Differences in Business Ethicsby Scholtensand Dam (2007) • A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications For Workby Schwartz (1999) • Extending the Cross-Cultural Validity of the Theory of Basic Human Values with a Different Method of Measurementby Schwartz, Melech, Lehmann, Burgess, Harris and Owens (2001) • National culture and the values of organizational employees: A dimensional analysis across 43 nationsby Smith, Dugan and Trompenaars(1996) References

  16. Thank you

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