Education in ancient WORLD : Greek Contributions to Education

1. Education in ancient WORLD:Greek Contributions to Education By Janice B. Tehie

2. describe the geography of ancient Greece and the educational system of each city-state • Describe the contributions of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle to taday’s educational system • List the similarities and differences between the educational system in ancient Greek and today

3. History and government of Ancient Greek • Two particular periods: the Archaic ( between 750 B.C and 500 B.C ) the classic ( between about 500 B.C and 336 B.C) • During Archaic period: city- states were settled by tribes • There were 20 city-states • Highly agriculture , fishing or urban city-states • Important ones: Boetia: central city of Thebes Attica: capital city of Athens Laconia: central city of Sparta • City states functioned individually with their own authority, but with strategic alliances defined among them • City-states were run as democracies

4. Ancient Greece Educational system • Education considered necessary for participation in Greek culture • No centralized educational system • Shaped by the geographic location and culture of each city-state • What is necessary for our citizens to learn to be good citizens? • Education of individuals: social status and city-state of residence • Two forms of education: formal and informal • Focused heavily on training the entire person: education of mind, body and imagination

5. Athenian’s educational system • Ruling classes should be educated • Greatly influenced by the works of Plato, Socrates and Aristotle • Was only for boys, women trained for household management • Trained in gymnastic • Studied sculpture, architecture, music, drama, poetry, philosophy and science

6. Athenian’s educational system • ELEMENTRY: • started at the age of 7 • Taught to read, write, count and draw • Taught letters and syllabus followed by words and sentences • Use a stylus and the wax tablet • Students were given poetry to memorize and recite after being ready to read • Elementery teachers did not command much respect • Available even for the poor • Schools varied according to: the work was assigned_ teacher’s qualification and abilities_ the fees charged

7. Athenian’s educational system • GYMNASIUM: • Boys began physical education during or after beginning elementry education • Improving one’s appearance, preparation for wars and good health at an old age

8. Athenian’s educational system • SECONDRY: • After turning 14 • Boys from wealthy family • By permanent or travelling teacher • Taught natural sciences, rhetoric, geometry, mathematics, sophistry, astronomy, metrology

9. Athenian’s educational system • POST-SECONDRY: • Instruction in philosophy • Not having a formal system • Schools of philosophy which were operated by Plato, Socrates and Aristotle • With students interested in the subject

10. SPARTAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM • Focused more on military training : develop courage and endurance, learn military music and drill, taught to fight-wrestle-box • First stage, second stage and Ephebe (third stage) First stage: • Started at 7 and boys were sent to live in barracks • Get skilled for the war • Academic learning kept to minimum • Spartan boy’s life was devoted almost entirely to his school • Received instruction from an adult male citizens • Receive little food and minimal clothing, physical training and punishment

11. SPARTAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Second stage: • At the age of 12 • Harsher punishment and training • Fighting within the unit • Performing mock battles • Expected to hunt down and kill a Helot Third stage: • Pledge strict and complete allegiance to Sparta • Join organization to compete in hunting and planned battles using real weapon

12. SPARTAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Education of Spartan women • Training in domestic arts and gymnastic • Taught to read and write by their mothers and nurse • Taught to sing, dance and play instruments • Also learned to run, wrestle, throw a discus and javelins

13. Educational contributions of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle • Socrates : • Skeptical by nature and instruct the art of debating • Founder of present methods of philosophy and teaching as well as present theory of knowledge • Believe in the existence of knowledge and ignorance in both teachers and students • Educate about morals • Define the good life • Develop self-knowledge • Think critically

14. plato • Founded an academy in Athen • Run the academy like monastery • Music, literature, history, law, philosophy and geometry were taught • Education should be for all, including young children • Do not use corporal punishment • Educate women if they are mentally and physically capable • Use dialogues to help students to discover knowledge on their own

15. plato • Introduce the philosophy of idealism • Education must lead to the highest order of knowledge about reality • Train the mind with a curriculum of concepts • Draw out students’ abilities, prepare for his or her role in life • Provide role models to imitate • Mentioned physical training • Education help people to understand what is good and create a just society • Believed the quality of life depend on the education each person receives

16. Aristotle • Had a great interest in science and scientific investigations • His work was highly influential in the middle ages • Establish Lyceum • Pay attention to previous research • Scientific studies require proof • Study of politics • Education about citizenship • Women lack intellectual ability to learn

17. Liberal arts education • The foundation lies in a course of study that combines both breadth and depth • Refers to college studies that provide general knowledge and develop intellectual ability • Goals: • Prepare students to work in a variety of jobs • Degree is appealing to employers • Provides an excellent foundation for graduate study in healthcare, law, business,… • Creates graduates who are equipped with the skills to become valuable community member • subjects of studies: philosophy, literature, architecture, sculpture, art, science, social science and mathematics

18. Liberal arts education • 59 liberal arts colleges: Bryn Mawer and Hoveford colleges (suburb of west Philadelphia) _ Mount Holyoke and William and Wellesley colleges ( Massachusetts) • Hundred years ago: 70% students, now drop to 5% ( Richard Hesh) • Critical attributes: problem-solving, critical thinking, writing and speaking skills • An effective teacher needs preparation in liberal arts education • For the improvement of teacher education program, liberal arts faculty should be included in planning the program • Liberal arts faculty should teach courses in disciplines

19. Greek Era versus Modern Times

20. Greek Era versus Modern Times