1 / 12

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid Cancer. Objectives. The learner will be able to: Identify four different histologic types of thyroid cancer. Identify potential late and long-term side effects unique to this patient population. Incidence and Mortality.

xylia
Download Presentation

Thyroid Cancer

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Thyroid Cancer

  2. Objectives The learner will be able to: • Identify four different histologic types of thyroid cancer. • Identify potential late and long-term side effects unique to this patient population.

  3. Incidence and Mortality • ACS estimates 62,980 new cases in 2014 and an estimated 1,890 deaths • Most rapidly increasing cancer in US • Occurs 23x more often in women • Two of every 3 persons diagnosed are <55 years of age • Overall five-year relative survival rate is 97.2%.

  4. Risk Factors • Exposure to high levels of radiation • Low dietary intake of iodine • Having a first-degree relative such as a parent, sibling, or child with a differentiated thyroid cancer has been shown to increase the risk of developing papillary and follicular thyroid cancers.

  5. Diagnosis • Diagnosis is primarily achieved with: • Physical assessment data • Laboratory data • Imaging • Biopsy

  6. Types of Thyroid Cancer Papillary Carcinoma • 80% of thyroid cancers, typically slow growing • Can spread to lymph nodes in neck; when diagnosed early can be successfully cured

  7. Types of Thyroid Cancer Follicular Carcinoma • 10% of all thyroid cancers • Tends not to spread to lymph nodes • Prognosis favorable, though not as good as papillary

  8. Types of Thyroid Cancer Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC) • 4% of thyroid cancers; develops from the C cells • Produces abnormally elevated levels of calcitonin • May spread to lymph nodes in the neck, lungs, or liver • MTC does not absorb radioactive iodine; poor prognosis • Familial MTC is genetic and may occur in multiple generations and may be linked to other cancers (RET gene)

  9. Types of Thyroid Cancer Anaplastic Carcinoma • 2% of thyroid cancers • Known as undifferentiated carcinoma • Occurs in older individuals, is fast growing, and invades surrounding structures • Poor prognosis, few treatment options

  10. Treatment Modalities • Surgery: Lobectomy versus total thyroidectomy in conjunction with removal of lymph nodes (papillary, follicular, MTC) • Radioactive iodine (papillary, follicular) • External beam radiation therapy • Chemotherapy (anaplastic and more advanced stages of thyroid cancer

  11. Potential Late and Long-Term Side Effects • Voice changes if nerves to the vocal cords are stretched/damaged during surgery • Hypocalcemia upon removal of parathyroid glands; may require patient to take temporary or permanent calcium and vitamin D replacement • Hypothyroidism • Secondary head and neck malignancy

  12. References American Cancer Society. (2014). Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org American Cancer Society. (2014). Oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org American Thyroid Association. (2006). Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Retrieved from: http://www.thyroid.org/professionals/publications/documents/Guidelinesthy2012.pdf National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2012). NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Head and neck cancers [v.1.2012]. Retrieved from http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/head-and-neck.pdf

More Related