BRET

1. BRET Modern methods in Language Teaching

2. Approaches used • Communicative Approach • Lexical Approach • Task Based Approach • Blended learning Approach

3. Methods used • PPP (Presentation, Practice, Production) • Total Physical Response • Guided Discovery • Test – Teach – Test

4. Communicative Approach • Meaningful and authentic language use (often information gap) • Learners interact with each other (pair and group work, mingles) • Emphasis on completing task • Teacher provides feedback

5. Communicative Approach: example • Talk to different people and find out: Name, Job, one interest • There’s an info gap here. You talked to different people.

6. Lexical Approach • Language isn’t divided into grammar and vocabulary. It consists of ‘chunks’. • More attention to: lexis, listening and reading, L1/L2 comparisons • Less attention to: sentence grammar, talking in L2 for sake of it

7. Lexical Approach: example • Read the text: I get up at 7am. I wash my face and then get dressed. After that I have breakfast and read the newspaper. • Find word partnerships in the text.

8. Task Based Approach • Focuses on students doing a task – fluency based • Students use language for a particular outcome • Real life language, meaning is important • Students generate language • Get feedback (for accuracy)

9. Task Based Approach: example • (see Cutting Edge Int p12-13) • Lead-in: listening or reading which uses possible language students could use in the task • Students are given task. Teacher supports. • Students do task • Students report back to class • Language feedback

10. Blended Learning Approach • Two facets to learning programme: 1. Face-to-face with teacher 2. Computer-based programme • The two facets support each other

11. PPP • Presentation: language is presented in some way in context (situation, dialogue, reading..) and teacher shows form and meaning • Practice: students produce the language through controlled exercises • Production: freer practice of the language presented. • Useful for introducing language at lower levels or for language you think will be new

12. PPP: example

13. PPP: example (continued) • Andy didn’t take any of these things with him • What do you think of Andy? • Elicit ideas • “He should have taken a map”. • Elicit more examples • Controlled practice – gap fill • Freer practice – Andy talking with rescue team

14. Total Physical Response • Students are exposed to language before they are expected to produce it. • Students learn language through listening and responding • Limited - useful for ‘action’ verbs

15. TPR: example • Teacher asks students to put objects in different places to teach/reinforce Prepositions of Place

16. Guided Discovery • Students are exposed to language through a reading or listening text • Students answer questions about the text which lead them to ‘discover’ the rules of the language • Good for higher levels

17. Guided Dicovery: example • (see Cutting Edge Int p18) • Lead-in: to get students interested • Students listen to song and fill in gaps • Students answer the questions about the grammar • Follow up practice

18. Test – Teach - Test • Test: Students are given an exercise/activity in which they could produce the TL structure • Teacher monitors and listens • Teach: Teacher ‘teaches’ as necessary • Test: Students are given another exercise/activity

19. Test – Teach – Test: example

20. An Eclectic Approach • Most teachers use a combination of approaches and methods • Why? To create variety and interest in the learning programme and to tailor the programme for the students. • How to decide? Level, students’ interests, lesson aim, learning styles