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Meteorology Winds

Meteorology Winds. Reference. From the Ground Up Chapter 6.4: Winds Pages 130 - 136. Introduction. Wind is the horizontal movement of air in different areas and altitudes. It is important that pilots know where winds are, how strong and from what direction they flow, and how they change.

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Meteorology Winds

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  1. MeteorologyWinds

  2. Reference From the Ground Up Chapter 6.4: Winds Pages 130 - 136

  3. Introduction • Wind is the horizontal movement of air in different areas and altitudes. • It is important that pilots know where winds are, how strong and from what direction they flow, and how they change.

  4. Outline • Wind Types • Wind Speed and Direction • Wind Effects

  5. Winds • Wind is horizontal movement of air • Heating of Earth creates pressure differences, air flows from high to low, therefore wind • Upper Level Winds flow parallel to isobars and from high to low pressure areas • Surface Winds are below 3000 ft, and are slowed by surface friction

  6. Land & Sea Breezes • Sea Breeze • Land heats faster than water during day (lower pressure) • Wind blows from water towards land

  7. Land & Sea Breezes • Land Breeze • Land cools faster than water at night (higher pressure) • Wind blows from land towards water

  8. Mountain Winds • Katabatic Wind (AKA Mountain Breeze) • At night, slope cools, air becomes denser, wind flows down from mountain

  9. Mountain Winds • Anabatic Wind (AKA Valley Breeze) • During day, slope heats, air becomes less dense, flows up from valley

  10. Mountain Winds • Mountain Wave • Air deflected after flowing over mountain oscillates (or bounces) up and down violently in a wave pattern.

  11. Gusts and Squalls • Gust • Sudden and brief increase in wind speed and direction (several seconds) • Usually caused by mechanical turbulence • Squall • Sudden increase in wind speed and direction, but last longer then a gust (several minutes) • Usually caused by fast moving cold front or thunderstorm

  12. Wind Speed & Direction • Veering is increase in wind direction • Backing is decrease in wind direction • Wind veers and increases with altitude (due to lack of surface friction) • Diurnal Variation • Wind backs and decreases at night • Wind veers and increases during day (more ground heating)

  13. Wind Effects • Eddies • Swirling air or vortices • Produced by friction between moving air and ground

  14. Wind Effects • Dust Devils • Super-heated concentrated lows on hot, clear, stable, days • Made visible by dust or sand

  15. Wind Effects • Tornadoes • Very concentrated, violent lows formed in unstable weather

  16. Wind Effects • Jet Stream • Narrow bands of high-altitude and high-speed winds • Normally 2 or 3 over North America

  17. Next Lesson 4.5 – Meteorology Humidity, Temperature & Stability From the Ground Up Chapter 6.5: Humidity, Temperature and Stability Pages 136 - 140

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