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THE Progressive ERA

THE Progressive ERA. U.S. History I Mr. Calella. Do Now. What types of problems were affecting people in the late 1800s and early 1900s? What do you think some possible solutions could be for these problems? What do all of the solutions have in common? What does “progressive” mean?.

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THE Progressive ERA

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  1. THE Progressive ERA U.S. History I Mr. Calella

  2. Do Now • What types of problems were affecting people in the late 1800s and early 1900s? • What do you think some possible solutions could be for these problems? • What do all of the solutions have in common? • What does “progressive” mean?

  3. Watch Video Clip[ • The Progressive Movement

  4. 4 Goals of the Progressive Era • Protecting Social Welfare (help the poor; YMCA) • Promoting Moral Improvement (Prohibition) 18th Am in 1919; ended with 21st Am in 1933 • Economic Reform (regulate against monopolies) MUCKRAKERS: journalists who wrote about the corruption/graft in big business and government (Standard Oil/Rockefeller) *Why were they so effective in making change? • Promoting Efficiency (make workplace safer and more efficient)

  5. Enforcement of Prohibition

  6. End of Prohibition

  7. Reform in Government • REVIEW: Why was reform needed in city government? • Reform of State Government • Progressive state governors: cleaned up corruption; regulated big business in their states, such as railroad companies • Child labor: state laws passed banning it • Limit work day: state laws passed because of worker safety issues

  8. Children Mine Workers

  9. Children Textile Workers

  10. The People Make Reform • Initiative: bill originated by the people rather than the legislative branch • Referendum: vote on the initiative (pass or fail) • Recall: voters can use this type of vote to force an elected politician to face election before the end of his/her term

  11. 17th Amendment • Before: state legislatures chose the two Senators who would represent the people of that state in the U.S. Senator in Washington, D.C. • For example, the New Jersey State Legislature (Senate Assembly and the State Senate) would choose NJ’s 2 Senators • After: Popular vote (people choose)

  12. Watch Video Clip • Progressive Women’s Movements

  13. Women in the Workplace • Women laborers worked on farms and in factories (“sweatshops” in garment industry) • Women got high school degrees and became bookkeepers and typists • Women domestic workers (many of whom were Irish immigrants) for middle and upper class families

  14. Women working in sweatshop

  15. Women and Reform • Suffrage: right to vote • 19th Amendment: 1920, women granted suffrage • Short video segment on the Progressive Era

  16. Women’s Suffrage March

  17. The Jungle • The Jungle: 1906 novel by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker journalist, about the sickening conditions of the early 1900s meatpacking industry. • Page 523, excerpt from the novel • After reading the novel, President Teddy Roosevelt, a Progressive, vowed to “clean up” the industry. • REVIEW: What is a Progressive?

  18. Watch Video Clip • Theodore Roosevelt

  19. Teddy Roosevelt • President McKinley assassinated 6 months into his 2nd term and Vice President Roosevelt becomes President; youngest at 42 • “Man’s man” • 44 of his books get published • Hero in the Spanish American War at the Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba • He saw the presidency as a Bully Pulpit, or a position where he could influence the public to get reform legislation passed.

  20. Roosevelt (continued) • TR was a “trustbuster” • REVIEW: What is a trust? • He directed government attorneys to use the Sherman Anti-Trust to sue companies involved in trusts • Why is this a progressive measure? • He help to end the 1902 Coal Strike. This act help set the precedent that if a labor strike threatened national security, the government would intervene • Why Progressive? • He used the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate RRs. • Why Progressive? How were RRs hurting people?

  21. Roosevelt (continued) • Meat Inspection Act: TR kept his promise to Upton Sinclair; he helped to pass this Act which set up strict cleanliness requirements for the meatpacking industry. • 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act: TR helped to pass this Act; food and drugs had to have truthful labels (before Act, lots of “snake oil” on market and children’s medicine filled with alcohol, cocaine, opium) • Conservation: What is it? • Help set up national forest reserve

  22. Limits of the Progressivism • Who was left out? • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Jim Crow laws in south • De jure discrimination in South and de facto discrimination in North • Progressives do not do enough to remedy situation • SHOW VIDEO CLIP!!!

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