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Devar. 1861-1865. 22.3 Bull Run: A Great Awakening. Why were many Northerners surprised at the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run? Northerners expected a quick victory & an early end to the war. Instead, the Confederates defeated the Union troops & drove them back to Washington.
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Devar 1861-1865
22.3 Bull Run: A Great Awakening • Why were many Northerners surprised at the outcome of the Battle of Bull Run? • Northerners expected a quick victory & an early end to the war. • Instead, the Confederates defeated the Union troops & drove them back to Washington.
Stonewall Jackson • Victory at Bull Run
22.3 Bull Run: A Great Awakening • How did women participate in the Civil War? • Women ran farms & business, worked in factories, & became teachers & government workers. • They also served in the military as nurses, messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, & spies.
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair • What was important about the Battle of Antietam? • Robert E. Lee hoped that a victory at Antietam would convince Maryland to join the Confederacy & encourage European nation to support the South. • Lee’s defeat at Antietam prevented him from accomplishing these objectives.
Robert E. Lee • Confederate General
Soldiers Soldiers
22.4 Antietam: A Bloody Affair • What hardships did Civil War soldiers face in combat? • Death tolls were staggeringly high. • Rifles, cannons, & artillery made it easy to kill from a distance. • Inadequate medical attention meant soldiers frequently died from their wounds. • Diseases also spread throughout the camps, killing huge #’s of soldiers.
Emancipation Proclamation • On January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. • This order declared slaves in all Confederate States were to be free. • Confederate states ignored the order. • The Emancipation Proclamation changed the war into a crusade for freedom.
Abraham Lincoln • Issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863.
22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point • Why was the Battle of Gettysburg considered a turning point in the Civil War? • Lee, who hoped a victory in this northern city would convince the Union to ask for peace. Instead he lost 1/3 of his army during the battle. • Afterward, he withdrew to Virginia & conducted only a defensive war on southern soil.
22.5 Gettysburg: A Turning Point • What problems developed on the Union home front during the war? • On the home front, “Copperheads” opposed the war, believing peace was more important than preserving the Union. • Other opponents were sympathetic to the Confederate cause. The draft forced men to fight in the war, and riots broke out as some of them protested.
22.6 Vicksburg: A Besieged City • Why was the Union victory at Vicksburg important? • The Union victory at Vicksburg meant that the Union controlled traffic on the Mississippi River, & that the South was divided.
Ulysses S. Grant • Union General & Future President of the United States.
22.6 Vicksburg: A besieged City • What problems developed on the Confederate home front during the war? • Bombing & raids forced people to seek protection in hillside caves. • B/C of the Union blockade on Southern ports, imported goods disappeared (were stolen) from stores. • Invading Union forces cut RR lines & destroyed crops. (A.K.A. TOTAL WAR) • Clothing wore out & had to be patched & repaired rather than being replaced.
22.7 Fort Wagener: African Americans Join the War • What was important about the actions of the Massachusetts 54th at Fort Wagner? • The 54th was an all African American regiment who fought during the war. • Although the Massachusetts 54th was forced to stop their attack on Fort Wagner after losing almost ½ their men, the bravery of these African American soldiers won the respect of other Union soldiers.
22.7 Fort Wagner: African Americans Join the War • How did African Americans contribute to the Union war effort? • African American regiments fought nearly 500 battles. • Although poorly trained, equipped, and paid, they fought with great courage.
William H. Carney • First African American to be awarded the medal of Honor.
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings an End • What is meant by “total war”? What did the Union army do during their campaign to total war? • “Total War” meant war on the enemy’s will to fight & ability to support an army. • Union soldiers destroyed RR lines & everything of value. • Houses were robbed, crops burned, & livestock killed.
William T. Sherman • Union General who used Total War as a tactic to win the Civil War.
22.8 Appomattox: Total War Brings an End • What terms did Grant offer Lee when he surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse? • Confederate troops could go home if they promised to stop fighting. • They were allowed to keep their horses & mules, which would be needed for spring planting. • Officers would keep their swords & weapons. • Grant ordered that food be sent to Lee’s army.
