Space Exploration Timeline

1. Space Exploration Timeline Tye Shelton

2. 1900 - 1926 • 1900- Tsiolkovsky started testing rockets. Russia is responsible for this project. This started the interest in space for America. 1914- Goddard patents the first Rocket design. United states were responsible for this. 1926- Goddard launches first successful rocket. It was a liquid fuel booster. Us was responsible.

3. 1930 - 1930- V2 rocket is manufactured. Germany is respnosible. It will later be used in war. 1944- v2 spacecraft left Earths Atmosphere. The V-2 was an unmanned, guided, ballistic missile. It was guided by an advanced gyroscopic system that sent signals to aerodynamic steering tabs on the fins and vanes in the exhaust. It was propelled by an alcohol (a mixture of 75% ethyl alcohol and 25% water), and liquid oxygen fuel. The two liquids were delivered to the thrust chamber by two rotary pumps, driven by a steam turbine.

4. 1954- 1957 • 1954- Viking spacecraft reached 159 miles above earth. NASA's Viking Mission to Mars was composed of two spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander. The primary mission objectives were to obtain high resolution images of the Martian surface, characterize the structure and composition of the atmosphere and surface, and search for evidence of life. Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976. • 1957- Soviet satellite, Sputnik became the Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satellite successfully placed in orbit around the Earth. It was launched from BaikonurCosmodrome at Tyuratam (370 km southwest of the small town of Baikonur) in Kazakhstan, then part of the former Soviet Union. The Russian word "Sputnik" means "companion" ("satellite" in the astronomical sense).first manmade object to orbit earth

5. 1961- • 1961- YuirGuriani becomes first space traveler. USSR is respnonsible. • 1961, at the age of 27, Gagarin left the earth. It was April the 12th, 9.07 Moscow time (launch-site, Baikonur). 108 minutes later, he was back . The period of orbital revolution was 89:34 minutes (this figure was "calculated by electronic computers"). • 1961- Redstone rocket lifts off. The Redstone was a high-accuracy, liquid-propelled, surface-to-surface missile and was a direct descendant of the German V-2 rocket. The Redstone's liquid-fueled engine burned alcohol and liquid oxygen and produced about 75,000 pounds (333,617 newtons) of thrust

6. 1967- • 1967- lunar orbiter takes pictures of the moon. Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings. All five missions were successful, and 99% of the Moon was photographed with a resolution of 60 m or better. The first three missions were dedicated to imaging 20 potential lunar landing sites, selected based on Earth-based observations. • 1969- Niel Armstrong is first man to walk on moon. Armstrong transferred to astronaut status in 1962. He was assigned as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission. Gemini 8 was launched on March 16, 1966, and Armstrong performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its surface.

7. 1971- • 1971- First space station ends it two year mission. Salyut 1 is its name. U.S.A is responsible. The 'civilian' DOS station was built on basis of the military Almaz stations with the mission of beating the American Skylab in the space station race and to determine the usefulness of manned observation of the earth by 1974. DOS-1 was launched as Salyut 1 on 19 April 1971. The triumph turned to tragedy when the Soyuz-11 crew died due to de-pressurization of their re-entry capsule during return to the earth. • 1972- Apollo 16 takes pictures of Earth. Apollo 16 was due to launch on 17 March 1972. The spacecraft for Apollo 16 were almost identical to those used on Apollo 15. Indeed, in many respects, the mission was intended as a re-run of Apollo 15, using the same experiments and tools to explore a different part of the moon. However, it was to prove a significantly more more challenging mission and was to experience more technical problems than almost any other mission. The final success of Apollo 16 was due almost entirely to the skills, knowledge, and experience of both the flight crew and of the many people who supported it from the ground. In the history of manned spaceflight, Apollo 16 comes only narrowly behind Apollo 13 and Skylab 2 as an example of how a manned space mission can successfully overcome adversity. Right until the end of the Apollo programme, the spacecraft was capable of demonstrating new faults and problems, and required a huge level of support. s pictures of Earth. 1971- Mariner 9 takes pictures of mars. Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. The spacecraft circled Mars twice a day for two year analyzing the atmosphere.

8. 1973- 1976 • 1973- America launches the first space station. Skylab was launched into Earth orbit by a Saturn V rocket on May 14, 1973. Through the use of a "dry" third stage of the Saturn V rocket, the station was completely outfitted as a workshop area before launch. • 1976- Images from satellite show Martian soil, from the same craft that is the first one to land on another pl NASA's Viking Mission to Mars was composed of two spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a Lander. The primary mission objectives were to obtain high resolution images of the Martian surface, characterize the structure and composition of the atmosphere and surface, and search for evidence of life. Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976..Viking 1

9. 1979- • 1979- Skylab shows pictures of the suns corona Structures observed in the corona above sunspots often have horseshoe-shaped outlines, again suggesting that they follow magnetic field lines a. The Corona is the Sun's outer atmosphere. It is visible during total eclipses of the Sun as a pearly white crown surrounding the Sun. • 1981- Columbia, the first reusable spacecraft is launched. First launched on the STS-1 mission, the first of the Space Shuttle program, it completed 27 missions before being destroyed during re-entry on February 1, 2003 near the end of its 28th, STS-107. All seven crew members were killed. Following an independent investigation into the cause of the accident, NASA decided to retire the Shuttle orbiter fleet in 2010 in favor of the Constellation program and its manned Orion spacecraf

10. 1986-1990 • 1983- challenger shows pictures of Australia. NASAOrbiter Vehicle Designation: OV-099) was NASA's second Space Shuttle orbiter to be put into service, Columbia having been the first. The shuttle was built by Rockwell International's Space Transportation Systems Division in Downey, California. Its maiden flight was on April 4, 1983, and it completed nine missions before breaking apart 73 seconds after the launch of its tenth mission, STS-51-L on January 28, 1986, resulting in the death of all seven crew members. The accident led to a two-and-a-half year grounding of the shuttle fleet, with missions resuming in 1988 with the launch of Space ShuttleDiscovery on STS-26. Challenger itself was replaced by the Space ShuttleEndeavour, which first launched in 1992. Endeavour was constructed from spare parts originally meant for Challenger and the other shuttles in the fleet. • 1986- Mir space station is launched. Mir was constructed in orbit by connecting different modules, each launched separately from 1986 to 1996. During the Shuttle-Mir Program, Russia's Mir combined its capabilities with America's space shuttles. The orbiting Mir provided a large and livable scientific laboratory in space. • 1990- Hubble telescope is launched. • The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was carried into orbit by a space shuttle in 1990. Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well-known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy. The HST was built by the United States space agency NASA, with contributions from the European Space Agency, and is operated by the Space Telescope Science Institute. It is named after the astronomerEdwin Hubble. The HST is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.[5]

11. 1995- • 1995- Gaileioseds back photos of Jupiter. • Galileo plunged into Jupiter's crushing atmosphere on Sept. 21, 2003. The spacecraft was deliberately destroyed to protect one of its own discoveries - a possible ocean beneath the icy crust of the moon Europa. • Galileo changed the way we look at our solar system. The spacecraft was the first to fly past an asteroid and the first to discover a moon of an asteroid. • 1996- Mars pathfinder landed on mars and released the rover. Mars Pathfinder impacted the surface on July 4 at 16:57 UT (12:57 PM EDT) at a velocity of about 18 m/s (40 mph) - approximately 12.5 m/s vertical and 12.5 m/s horizontal - and bounced about 15 meters (50 feet) into the air, bouncing another 15 times and rolling before coming to rest approximately 2.5 minutes after impact and about 1 km from the initial impact site. The Mars Pathfinder's Sojourner Rover rolled onto Mars' surface on July 6 at about 05:40 UT (1:40 AM EDT) • 1998- First modules of ISS launched two countries. The first component of the $60 billion International Space Station (ISS) was launched from BaikonurCosmodrome in Kazakstan a few hours ago after a delay of almost a yearThe 24 ton Zarya (meaning "daybreak") module is based on the long experience the Russian Space Agency has had with the Mir space station.The International Space Station is made up by five partners, United States, Russia, Japan, Canada and the European Space Agency.