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Accelerator R&D at CERN

Accelerator R&D at CERN. Paul Collier. Some R&D Activities at CERN. High-Field Superconducting Magnets Nb3Sn HTS Superconducting & warm RF Crab Cavities High Gradient Structures High beam loading High Q o High Efficiency RF Power sources Cold Powering, Superconducting links

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Accelerator R&D at CERN

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  1. Accelerator R&D at CERN Paul Collier Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  2. Some R&D Activities at CERN • High-Field Superconducting Magnets • Nb3Sn • HTS • Superconducting & warm RF • Crab Cavities • High Gradient Structures • High beam loading • High Qo • High Efficiency RF Power sources • Cold Powering, Superconducting links • Machine Studies • Other R&D • AWAKE • Ion Sources • Collimation • … • Medical Applications • High Frequency RFQ Concentrate on these Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  3. Key Technologies for HL-LHC and FCC Magnets HL-LHC: Development of Nb3Sn magnets for the final focus quads and 11T dipoles for the dispersion supressor collimation system FCC-hh: Based on 16T Nb3Sn or 20T HTS magnets SC-RF HL-LHC: Develop compact crab cavities for luminosity levelling Investigate higher (and sub-) harmonic options for the LHC 200MHz and 800MHz FCC: High Qo, high gradient SC-RF systems for the ee option High power (for ee at the Z) and for hh Energy efficient RF power sources Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  4. HL-LHC HL-LHC from a study to a PROJECT300 fb-1 → 3000 fb-1 including LHC injectors upgrade LIU(Linac 4, Booster 2GeV, PS and SPS upgrade) • New IR-quads Nb3Sn (inner triplets) • New 11 T Nb3Sn (short) dipoles • Collimation upgrade • Cryogenics upgrade • Crab Cavities • Cold powering • Machine protection • … Major intervention on more than 1.2 km of the LHC Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  5. HL-LHC Magnet Demands International R&D effort Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  6. Nb3Sn Magnets – 10 years of intensive R&D Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  7. 11T Dipoles • Demonstrate the required performance (11.25 T at 11850 A) • Achieve accelerator field quality • Study in depth mechanics and manufacturing • Address specific issues such as quench protection Next 2 years ! FNAL MBHSP02 ready for test FNAL short model CERN 54/61 practice coil CERN coil NOTE: virtual reality models Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  8. Crab-Cavities LARP-BNL LARP-ODU-JLAB Lancaster-CI-CERN Already a strong UK R&D effort Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  9. Cold Powering • Superconducting Links • Driven by the requirements of HL-LHC to move the power converters out of the tunnel… • … And ~100m vertically to the surface. • HT superconductor material (MgB2) – just ordering the first 150km of cable! • Semi-flexible cryostat, 220mm diameter • Interesting for other applications 1 pair 700 m 50 kA – LS2 4 pairs 300 m 150 kA (MS)– LS3 4 pairs 300 m 150 kA (IR) – LS3 tens of 6-18 kA CLs pairs in HTS Also a small R&D effort as part of this to look at long distance power transmission Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  10. Transfer of 20,000 A Aluminium at Room Temperature* L=100 m Water cooling – 5 m3/h P=880 W/m A_cond= 9090 mm2 W = 24.5 kg/m – 2.45 tons ext = 120 mm MgB2 with copper stabilizer L=100m He gas cooling, Tmax= 25 K A_cond 100 mm2 W  1 kg/m – 100 kg ext=18 mm *Al(RT) = 210-8  m Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  11. “to propose an ambitious post-LHC accelerator project at CERN by the time of the next Strategy update” d) CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, d) CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positronhigh-energy frontier machines. These design studies should be coupled to a vigorous accelerator R&D programme, including high-field magnetsand high-gradient accelerating structures, in collaboration with national institutes, laboratories and universities worldwide. Future Circular Collider Study Kick off meeting 12-15 February 2014 Aim to Generate a CDR for hh, ee and eh Machines by the next strategy update (2018) To compliment the continuing activity in CLIC as a potential future machine Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  12. Magnet R&D – future Hadron Colliders Geneva PS SPS LHC HE-LHC 27 km, 20 T 33 TeV (c.o.m.) FCC-hh 80 km, 20 T 100 TeV (c.o.m.) FCC-hh 100 km, 16 T 100 TeV(c.o.m.) LHC 27 km, 8.33 T 14 TeV (c.o.m.) Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  13. 16T Dipole work (Twin Bore) Pushing Nb3Sn technology D20: cosq 16 T program (no activity worldwide) CERN activity Conceptual design (cos-q R&D on • SC material: Jc at 16 T…18 T ≈ 1500 A/mm2, • Mechanical structure (force and stresses) • Quench protection • Insulation systems and instrumentation • Operation issues • Grading (interlayer joints) • cost reduction Main milestone : Short model (1 m) 16 T, 40 mm aperture 13.5 T HD2: block 13.5 T Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  14. Conductor and Cable R&D Je≈ 600 A/mm2 20+ T 16T 10 T Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  15. … Towards 20T Ideas A 20 T HE-LHC dipole All options are based on an LTS winding (outsert), and an HTS field booster (insert) 6 T HTS (YBCO) insert for test in FReSCa2 (no bore) Nb3Sn HTS Nb-Ti 19 T Cost optimized, graded winding Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  16. RF Cavities and Structures • SC Activities Presently at CERN: • LHC 400MHz – new (spare) module) • HIE-Isolde ¼-wave resonators (Nb on Cu) (Lignaro) • Crab-Cavities Several • SPL – High beam loading 704 MHz cavities ESS • 800MHz For ERL (LHeC) and even LHC JLAB, Mainz • 400/800MHz for FCC ee (>11 GV!!) & hh • 200MHz Compact LHC Cavities • + Some basic R&D on Coating technology Sheffield • NC High Gradient Structures for CLIC • Now being potentially applied to other uses notably medical facilities Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  17. Re-establishing CERN’s Capacities in SC-RF • CERN (BE-RF, TE-VSC & EN-MME) is strengthening capabilities in SC RF: • Upgrading CERN’s infrastructures for cavity fabrication, assembly and testing (SM18 and others) • Significant relevant progress for LHC, HL-LHC Crab Cavities, SPL Cavities, HIE-ISOLDE • Relevant SCRF R&D on new coating techniques (e.g. HiPIMS, ALD …), diagnostic techniques, additive machining … has started. • Mandate to make a Design Study for an Energy Recovery Linac Test Facility SM18 upgrade in progress Crab Cavity LHC Spare module SPL 5-cell cavity 704 MHz Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  18. HIE-Isolde QWR Maximal B Now in Production (first 10) 780 mm Maximal E 300 mm Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  19. SPL R&D: Cryomodule Design Insulation vacuum relief plate Cryogenic circuit burst disk Thermal shield Cryogenic lines port Vacuum vessel Magnetic shielding Helium tank Two-phase pipe He phase separator Thermal shield tie-rod Cavity tuner RF coupler Inter-cavity support Cold-to-warm transition Gate valve Cavity Double-walled tube Assembly of supportingsystemmock-up Innerpart of supportingsystemmock-up Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  20. SPL R&D : Cavities Toolingfor test in vertical cryostat: fabricatedand available at CERN Cavity tuner: measurement of cavity detuning versus mechanical deformation. Cell-by-cell tuning system with RF bead-pull and mechanical measurements. Tooling for EB welding of Nb cavityisfabricated. Half-cells and beamtubesfabricatedby spinning. Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  21. CLIC Collaboration R&D Tunnel implementations (laser straight) Central MDI & Interaction Region CLIC key challenges: • X-band normal conducting accelerator structures operated at 100 MV/m (aim for up to 3 TeV) • Drive-beam for RF generation and distribution • Small emittance beams and demanding stability/alignment requirements Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  22. R&D areas Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  23. CLIC X-Band Recent CLIC Workshop (Feb 3-7 2014) https://indico.cern.ch/event/275412/overview X-band rf system for the CLIC main linacs: • Above 100 MV/m acceleration at low breakdown rate, below 3x10-7 breakdowns/pulse/m • Above 134 MW power production • Few-micron level tolerance parts and assembly • Quantitative high-gradient and high-power design capability Results very good – but: • numbers limited, industrial productions also limited • basic understanding of BD mechanics improving • condition time/acceptance tests need more work • use for other applications (e.g. FELs) needs verification In all cases test-capacity is crucial Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  24. High Gradient X-Band Applications Medical – proton therapy High energy physics - CLIC XFELs material science, biology, chemistry etc. – X-band XFEL X-band phase linearizer at FERMI, Trieste Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  25. RF Power: High Efficiency Multi-beam Klystrons State of the art • Space charge is limiting efficiency  many small beams to reduce space charge effects. • State of the art: Developed for ILC/X-FEL, 1.3 GHz, peak (), . • Lots going on here: • For CLIC, but also will be for FCC-ee • And is of general interest to the whole community Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  26. IOT Study • Klystrons reach max efficiency only in saturation. IOT’s potentially better • CPI (Communications&Power Industries) have built a 1 MW range MB IOT demonstrator 10 years ago. • ESS Lund have now revived this research, jointly with CERN Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  27. Energy Efficiency • High efficiency, high power RF generation is needed for many future accelerator projects (proton drivers for several applications, linear colliders, material test facilities) and certainly has impact beyond the accelerator community. • A network called “Energy Efficiency” has started to pick up momentum inside the European Project EuCARD2, see http://eucard2.web.cern.ch/activities/wp3-energy-efficiency-enefficient Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  28. AWAKE AWAKE – A Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN • Proof-of-principle demonstration experiment proposed at CERN  first proton driven PWA experiment world-wide. • Advantages of using protons as driver: single stage acceleration • Higher stored energy available in the driver (~kJ) • Electron/laser driven requires many stages to reach the TeV scale. 10m 15m 20m e- spectrometer Laser EOS Diagnostics RF gun e- Proton beam dump Laser dump SPS protons Acceleration SMI OTR, CTR Diagnostics • Inject 10-20 MeV electron beam • accelerationofelectronstomulti-GeV energyrangein the wakefield drivenbyprotons. Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  29. AWAKE at CNGS AWAKE experiment ~1100m AWAKE beam dump Funding Approved in the MTP – exact schedule to be defined Paul Collier – CERN R&D

  30. AWAKE Revised Timescale Study, Design, Component preparation Installation data taking Commissioning Studies, design, Component preparation Civil Engineering, modifications and installation Time-scale for AWAKE in the MTP data taking Installation Fabrication Studies, design Commissioning • Manpower and budget profile stretched to 5 years • Detailed planning still needed • Main milestones: • 2016: proton beam to plasma • End 2017: electron beam Paul Collier – CERN R&D

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