The War is On!

1. The War is On! Bull Run to Appomattox

2. Interesting Facts • In 1980, Bhutan was the only country in the world with no telephones. • China has only about 200 family names. • There are twice as many kangaroos in Australia as there are people. • There are more Rolls Royce cars in Hong Kong than anywhere else in the world.

3. Discussion Question What is the biggest news story of your life time? Many Northerners believed that the war would be over quickly and went as far as to call it the “six months war”

4. Strengths and Strategies NORTH Strengths • Existing army, navy, and government • Larger population could provide more soldiers and workers • More factories and money to produce supplies • More rail lines Strategies • Use blockade to prevent South from trading • Gain control of the Mississippi River • Capture capital (Richmond, Virginia) South Strengths • Experienced military commanders • Cotton • Fighting for a strong belief in self-government and way of life • Needed to defend territory, not to attack Strategies • Prepare and wait, hoping Union will not pursue war • Needed to defend territory, not to attack • Gain support of England and France to help them in their effort

5. Famous Generals

6. New Technology and Tactics • Gun accuracy was improved by using Minie bullets • Guns could also be loaded and fired much quicker • Both the North and the South used shells that would explode on contact • Grenades and landmines are introduced

7. Iron Clads • The invention of the iron clad ship changes the naval atmosphere forever • A Southern iron clad (Merrimack) fought a 3 hour battle against a Northern iron clad (Monitor) • Significance: Made wood ships obsolete

8. The Politics of War Ch 11 Sec 2

9. Politics of War • Great Britain had little need for Southern cotton, since it possesses a large cotton inventory and found new source of raw cotton • The failure of English wheat crop made Northern wheat an essential import • British popular opinion was antislavery • Britain remains neutral

10. Politics of War • Lincoln’s desire to discourage Britain from supporting the Confederacy • The need to harm the Confederate war effort (slaves were being used to aid the war effort in the South) • Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation • Free slaves only in rebelling states

11. Politics of War • Disloyalty and dissent among Confederate sympathizers in Maryland • The need to protect the Union Army from Confederate sympathizers • Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the state of Maryland

12. Politics of War • Heavy casualties and massive desertions in the armies • The need to win the war • Both Union and Confederate governments pass draft laws

13. Politics of War • A draft law was passed in favoring and protecting the wealthy • Lower class white workers were angered about having to fight a war to free saves, who they believed, would then take their job • Low wages, bad living conditions, and high unemployment among the lower class stirred up a mob mentality and racism • In 1863, a riot break out in New York

14. Ch 11 Sec 3 Life During Wartime “Home Front”

15. Southern Slaves • Were more able to resist slavery • Resisted through sabotage

16. Southern Economy • Shortage of food and other basic goods • Food riots • Rampant inflation (Anaconda Plan)

17. Northern Economy • Industrial Boom • Decline in standards of living/low wages • Some greedy businesses performed shady practices

18. Soldiers on both sides • Inadequate sanitary conditions on battlefield and in prison camps (Andersonville, Georgia)

19. African-Americans soldiers in the North • Discrimination in military (lower wages) • The Massachusetts 54 regiment (All African American Unit) • High mortality rate

20. White women in the North and South • Women in the North and South both worked in hospitals • North (labor force) • South (maintained plantations)

21. Taxation in the North • The first income tax is instituted in order to help pay for the war

22. Health Care • Death through injury and disease (amputations) • Limited medical knowledge • Little or no knowledge of hygiene

23. The North Takes Charge Ch 11 Section 4

24. Battle of Chancellorsville • Confederate victory (5/1863) • Confederate Army forces Union to retreat • Confederates lose one of its most able generals, Stonewall Jackson

25. Battle of Gettysburg • Union victory (7/1863) • Considered the turning point of war • Farthest North the South will ever get • Crippled Lee’s forces • The South will never invade into the North again

26. Battle of Vicksburg • Union victory (7/1863) • Allowed the North to cut the Confederacy in two

27. Gettysburg Address • Two minute speech that promised the nation a new birth of freedom • Reinforced cause of the North to maintain the Union

28. Battles of Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg • Mostly Confederate victories (5-6/1864) • Wore down Confederacy • Inflicted losses the South couldn’t replace

29. Sherman’s March • Union victories (10/1864-2/1865) • Sherman’s path of terror • Demonstrated the brutality of total war and greatly weakened Southern morale

30. Surrender at Appomattox • Confederate army is surrounded by the Union army • in a courthouse General E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant (4/1865) • Grant allows Confederate soldiers to go home

31. The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice. ~Mark Twain

32. Effects of the Civil War Ch 11 Sec 5

33. Columbia S.C.

34. Charleston S.C.

35. Richmond Va

36. Richmond Va

37. On political life • Secessionists threats never again used • Federal governments power dramatically increased

38. On the nation’s economy • Northern economy boomed • Southern economy devastated • Most of the industry, livestock, farm machinery, railroads, and farmlands destroyed in the South

39. On soldiers and civilians • Union • 360,000 soldiers killed • 275,000 wounded • Confederate • 260,000 soldiers killed • 225,000 wounded

40. On African Americans • Freedom • The 13th amendment (abolished slavery)

41. What would you do???? Give three conditions, which would allow Southern states back into the union?