4-Integrating Peripherals in Embedded Systems (cont.)

1. 4-Integrating Peripherals in Embedded Systems (cont.)

2. Using push buttons and switches • Push buttons SW2 to SW5 on the Dragon Board are connected to bits 3 to 0 of PortH • When button is pushed, a corresponding bit of Port H is reset. What activity level? • Can be enabled/disabled: • SW_enable(); • Can be checked with C function calls: • SW1_dip(); //returns 8-bit reading of SW1 • SW2_down(); // true if SW2 is down • SW2_up(); //true if SW2 is up. • Use • while ((PTH & 0x01)==0) //to check if the SW5 is being pressed • { • //…SW5 still pressed • } • //SW5 released

3. Using switches • There are also 8 DIP switches (sliders) on the Dragon board. • The rightmost 4 switches share the same bits of portH with push buttons. • These switches are intended for use as level-sensitive data inputs to a circuit. • When a switch is in the ON position (away from LCD) it provides a 0 bit on corresponding PORT H bit. • What activity level? • Use: • DDRH=0x00; //Port H inputs • leds_on(~PTH);

4. Using Keypad • The Dragon board has a 4x4 keypad, connected to Port A. • Scanning is used to minimize interface bits. See page 29. • Use C function call key_scan(). See listing 6.1 • Use C function call get_key(). See listing 6.3 • To avoid bouncing: • keypad_enable() • getkey() • wait_keyup() • keyscan()

5. Using LEDs • The Dragon board provides 8 red LEDs. • You can use C function calls to set/reset LEDs • led_on(int b); //Sets bit b of PORTB High, or on • led_off(int b); //Sets bit b of PORTB Low, or off • leds_on(int h); //Sets bits of all 8 leds according to hexadecimal value h

6. Seven Segment Display • The Dragon Board has four 7-segment displays. These displays are arranged with the intent of displaying numbers of medium sizes. • Must be enabled/disabled since using same port B of LEDs: • seg7_enable(); • seg7_disable(); • Applying a high logic level to a segment causes it to light up, and applying a low logic level turns it off. • seg7_on(int s, int b); //turns on segment s on 7SEG digit b • What will be the hexadecimal digit coding (assume 0 segment is least significant)? [9 coded as 0x6F] • Use seg7dec(int i, int b); //display hexadecimal value of i on 7SEG digit b

7. E communications bus R/W RS DB7–DB0 8 microcontroller LCD controller LCD controller • Dragon board has Sanyo DM1623 display of 2x16 characters. • See control signals in pg. 33 and table 7.1 in pg 34

8. Using LCD • See figure 4.7(d), pp 96 • Void WriteChar (char c) { • RS=0 • /*indicate control being sent*/ • DATA_BUS=0x01;//Clear Display • /*toggle LCD Enable, with delay*/ • EnableLCD (45); • //…other controls • /*indicate data being sent */ • RS=1; • /*send data to LCD */ • DATA_BUS=c; • /*toggle LCD Enable, with delay*/ • EnableLCD (45); • }

9. Using LCD • For Dragon12 we may use: • char * msg; • msg=“Dragon12-Plus”; • lcd_init(); //set configurations • set_lcd_addr(0x01);//for first line • type_lcd(msg); • set_lcd_addr(0x45); //for second line