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Other Animal Species

Other Animal Species. Large and growing list of animals that have tested positive for WNV Current list at U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wildlife Health Center website at: www.nwhc.usgs.gov. Dogs. Small Study (4 animals) Low levels of viremia induced None clinical

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Other Animal Species

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  1. Other Animal Species • Large and growing list of animals that have tested positive for WNV • Current list at U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wildlife Health Center website at: www.nwhc.usgs.gov

  2. Dogs • Small Study (4 animals) • Low levels of viremia induced • None clinical (Unpublished data to date-Michel Bunning, CDC-DVBID)

  3. Cats • Small study • Viremia a little higher and longer than dogs Parenteral: mild temp for 2-3 days no CNS signs Oral: fed infected mice same level of viremia, no illness Therefore-could be source for mosquitoes

  4. WNV Positive Humans

  5. Positive Human WNV Cases 2002 577 cases 51 deaths

  6. Onset Date of Symptoms Among Human West Nile Virus Cases in Michigan as of November 5th, 2002 25 20 15 Number of Cases 10 5 0 8/3/2002 9/7/2002 7/20/2002 7/27/2002 8/10/2002 8/17/2002 8/24/2002 8/31/2002 9/14/2002 9/21/2002 9/28/2002 10/5/2002 Onset Date Probable Confirmed

  7. Age Groups of WNV Cases Michigan 2002

  8. All Cases Age range: 9mo-95yrs Ave Age: 57.6 % Female: 45 % Male: 55 Deaths Age range: 24-95 yrs Ave Age: 74.5 % Female: 41 % Male: 59 Michigan Case Statistics:

  9. Types of Illness • 80% asymptomatic • 20% have flu-like symptoms • <1% have meningo-encephalitis/flaccid paralysis/other serious sequelae • ~10% of those with serious CNS signs die

  10. West Nile Meningo-encephalitis • Fever, headache • Altered mental status AND/OR • Stiff neck with CSF pleocytosis or elevated protein • Flaccid paralysis (poliomyelitis-type)

  11. Diagnosis of Human Cases • CSF is best specimen • IgM Capture ELISA • PRNT (measure of IgG) • Serum-need paired sera to document a rise in titer • SLE cross reaction-must run concurrently

  12. New Modes of Transmission • Transplant • Transfusion • Breast milk • Trans-placental • Occupational

  13. Bird Surveillance Goals: • Collect information about dead bird sightings • Collect specimens for laboratory testing • Predict level of risk for human infection • Target intervention/prevention measures

  14. Methods of Bird Surveillance • Citizen reports of dead or sick birds via hotline and website. • Laboratory testing of appropriate bird specimens. Bias: Requires a person to find the bird and report it or submit it. Larger population areas will have more birds reported.

  15. West Nile Virus Hot Line • Started in 2001 • Toll Free #: 888-668-0869 • Citizens call in to report dead bird • We requested reports of dead corvids • Request address and day bird was found, as well as willingness to collect bird for testing • Received 9,279 phone reports in 2002

  16. WNV Hotline Calls* 2002 888/668-0869 * >35,000 calls in Aug & Sept

  17. Web-based Reporting • Accessed via www.michigan.gov/mda • Pilot program with Michigan State University • Received 1350 reports via the web

  18. Phone Reports of Dead Birds in Michigan as of November 26th, 2002 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 350 Number of Calls 5/1/2002 8/7/2002 9/4/2002 4/17/2002 5/15/2002 5/29/2002 6/12/2002 6/26/2002 7/10/2002 7/24/2002 8/21/2002 9/18/2002 10/2/2002 Date of Call

  19. Bird Surveillance Totals • Logged over 10,500 reports of dead birds and other animals • About 13% of reports came via the web • 65% of dead birds reported were corvids (these were requested)

  20. Phone Reports of Dead Birds versus Human Cases in Michigan as of November 26th, 2002

  21. Potential Problems for Bird Surveillance in 2003 • Bird immunity-crows could be less sensitive indicator of WN activity • Lack of web-based reporting for local and state reporting of diseases • Monitoring of bird reporting is labor intensive without technological support • Need to share data amongst agencies

  22. Prevention • Source reduction • Personal protection • Mosquito control • Vaccine-horses only at this time

  23. What Happened in 2002? • Expansion of endemic area to 44 states in the US • Huge epizootic/epidemic-especially in the Great Lakes and southern states • New modes of transmission discovered • Over 4000 human cases with more that 260 deaths

  24. What to Expect in 2003? Complete spread to the 48 states in the continental U.S.? Bird immunity? Human herd immunity? Sporadic occurrence? ???????

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