Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Computer Networks II IPTV By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpour

1. Department of Computer and IT Engineering University of Kurdistan Computer Networks II IPTV By: Dr. Alireza Abdollahpouri

2. Outline Introduction and Motivation IPTV System Structure Basics of Video Encoding Challenges 2

3. Television (TV) is a dominant and pervasive mass media The recently rapid growth of IP-based networks, and the trend of network convergence The tremendous increase in real-time & multimedia communications in Internet The advantages of TV delivery via IP-based network Introduction and Motivation IPTV 3

4. Applications Education: There have been some attempts to use regular TV as a medium of education. But regular TV is unidirectional in nature. Taking advantage of the bidirectional capability of IPTV, it can be used as an education environment especially in some developing countries. Healthcare: Elderly people or people in remote locations (e.g., in rural area) cannot easily access doctors for checkup or treatment. This problem can be solved by monitoring and treatment of patients by means of IPTV (without need to leave the home) [2]. Financial services: Some people need instant access to business or financial developments and news. Taking advantage of its bidirectional capabilities, IPTV can be used as a powerful tool in stock market and television banking. Instant feedback capability: Considering appropriate security and privacy options, IPTV enables the people to play an instant role in voting and elections [2]. Travel and tourism: You are watching a commercial advertisement regarding discounts in ticket prices; thanks to IPTV, you can book it immediately just by clicking the buttons on your remote control. 4

5. Applications Time Shift TV: enable stores feature and store any Broad cast and can be seen at any convenient time of the customer • All Broadcast channel/live events (free as well as pay channel) •Video on demand (see any movies as per your choice) •Video Conferencing •Personalize advertisement and greetings •DVD quality picture and sound •Online training and video class •Alert message for favorites programms- SMS alert and many more… 5

6. An emerging technology that delivers video, audio or TV broadcasts over (IP) based networks with the required level of QOS/QOE, security, interactivity, and reliability. In Conclusion: IPTV it means: Television you fully control Any content, any time, any place Television that can take you anywhere Unlimited visual interactive applications It’s the IP in IPTV that’s important! IPTV requires new technology in: Access networks Compression Middleware Customer premises equipment (CPE) Overview: IPTV = (IP) + (TV)

7. Live broadcasts: It's like watching live TV on your computer screen. You can NOT pause, back up or skip through parts of the broadcast that do NOT interest you. On-demand videos: Arranged like a playlist. Episodes or clips are arranged by title or channel or in categories like news, sports or music videos. You choose exactly what you want to watch, when you want to watch it. Services

8. Coverage Source: Wikipedia 8

9. Outline Introduction and Motivation IPTV System Structure Basics of Video Encoding Challenges 9

10. 2 1 3 4 5 IPTV System Structure WiMAX ASN IPTV Head-end xDSL Video Source Core Network Metro Backbone VoD Server Access Network Customer Network 10

11. IPTV Head-end Building Blocks

12. Each STB is assigned an IP address by the means of DHCP IPTV head-end IGMP snooping IP Multicast STB 1 STB 2 ISP IP backbone STB 3 STB 4 DSLAM IP:172.24.200.17 C1C2C3 C4 Available TV channels Monitor station (generates log file) Using e.g., Tcpdump

13. Multicast in IPTV IPTV head-end DSLAM BRAS ISP IP backbone STB Multicast stream of channel X Watching channel X Each channel change involves an IGMP leave and an IGMP join IGMP leave (channel X) Switch to channel Y IGMP join (channel Y) Multicast stream of channel Y Watching channel Y

14. IPTV Head-end MPEG2/4/H.264 Element Stream (ES) (1.5-6Mbit/s) Packetized ES with header (1.5-6Mb/s) Raw data SDI (270Mbit/s) MPEG2 or H.264 Encoder Video ES Packetizer (PES frame forming) Video Audio Video Audio ES Packetizer (PES frame forming) Audio Audio Encoder Data PES A.V.D MUX (Transport Stream 188 byte forming) MPEG2/4/AVC Transport Streams encapsulated into IP (1.6-40Mb/s) MPEG-TS MUXed Multi programsTS (1.6-40Mb/s) Encapsulated Video stream H.264/TS/RTP/UDP/IP/Ethernet Single program Transport Stream (1.6-8Mb/s) RTP UDP Program 1 TS encapsulated into RTP/UDP/IP Multi-program MPEG TS Multiplexer IP Program 2 Ethernet Program 3 14

15. Core Network • Central portion of an IPTV system • Provides interconnection between several metro networks • IP/MPLS and traffic engineering techniques • Use High Capacity links (e.g., 10 Gbps) 15

16. Distribution Network • Serves a region or a metropolitan area • Insertion of local content such as local TV channels or commercial advertisements • Provides on-demand video services to local clients 16

17. Access Network • Provides last-mile for IPTV subscribers • Can be based on wired technologies (e.g., xDSL, FTTx) or Wireless networks (High Speed WiFi, WiMAX, LTE , 3G). 17

18. Home Network • Provides TV, IP phone and Internet (triple play) services to subscribers. • Connects to Access network via a Home-gateway. 18

19. Video reconstruction in STB Decoder MPEG DATA Buffer Ethernet/IP/UDP/Payload Socket Payload Video Decode Buffer Buffer Audio Decode STB PAT: Program Association Table PCR: Program Clock Reference PMT: Program Map Table PID: Packet IDentifier 19

20. Outline Introduction and Motivation IPTV System Structure Basics of Video Encoding Challenges 20

21. Original Image (1153KB) 1:1

22. Spatial Redundancy elimination

23. Original Image (1153KB) 27:1

24. Original Image (1153KB) 192:1

25. Temporal Redundancy elimination

26. 26

27. An Example for Video Compression Uncompressed Compressed Bit Rate= 4,562 Kbits/s Bit Rate= 100 Kbits/s

28. Effect of packet loss Single B frame packet loss (only 1 frame affected) Single I frame packet loss (14 frames affected) Impact 3.75Mb/s stream: B frame packet loss vs I frame packet loss Source: Nortel 28

29. Outline Introduction and Motivation IPTV System Structure Basics of Video Encoding Challenges 29

30. IP multicast IGMP, MLD DVMRP,PIM, MOSPF Multicast forwarding protocols Group management protocols 30

31. High p Popular channel Distribution of TV Channel Popularity Popularity Rank 31

32. Low p Unpopular channel Distribution of TV Channel Popularity Popularity Rank 32

33. Normal Rarely watched Favorite TV channel classification Unicast multicast pull (on demand) multicast push 33

34. IPTV 1-2 channels Internet VoIP Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems (Reason) Last mile(6 Mb/s) 34 34

35. Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems Traditional analog broadcast 200 ms About 2 s IPTV 35

36. Zapping Delay in IPTV Systems • The frequency of I-frames • Reordering delay • Size of video buffer in STB • PAT and PMT frequency • Multicast Leave and Join times • The delay of access link • STB jitter buffer • Conditional access and digital rights management system • Packet recovery with FEC/ARQ • Processing time in the STB • Processing time in display device

37. QoS and QoE jitter Home Head End Packet Loss (Congestion, Link failure, …) QoS QoE 37

38. Questions!

39. Notes Television has become an essential device in almost all the houses across the world. Over the years, there have been improvements in shape and size, in picture quality (standard definition to high definition) and in the number of offered channels. Despite all of these improvements, TV for a long time remained a broadcast medium with one-way transmission from the service provider to the end-user. Meanwhile, the new generation of TV users, which have grown up with Internet and interactive gaming are no longer satisfied with one-way broadcasting of traditional TV systems. 39