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The Usability of KONE DCS: How (and why) the characteristics of the group affect the use of the system. Tuomas Husu. Research problem. What we did?. 2 x 2 x 2 Factorial design. Group size 2 persons 4 persons Degree of acquaintance “Friends” “Strangers” Destination Same
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The Usability of KONE DCS: How (and why) the characteristics of the group affect the use of the system Tuomas Husu Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Research problem Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
What we did? Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
2 x 2 x 2 Factorial design • Group size • 2 persons • 4 persons • Degree of acquaintance • “Friends” • “Strangers” • Destination • Same • Different Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
2 x 2 x 2 Factorial design:Variable combinations Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Video 1 Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Measures and covariates • Used left DOP • Problems: ID twice • T to DOP 3 s • T at DOP 4 s • Total time 20 s • Elevator B Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Measures and covariates • Used left DOP • Problems: ID twice • T to DOP 3 s • T at DOP 4 s • Total time 20 s • Elevator B • Used right DOP • Problems: no • T to DOP 2 s • T at DOP 7 s • Total time 22 s • Elevator B Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Measures and covariates • Used left DOP • Problems: ID twice • T to DOP 3 s • T at DOP 4 s • Total time 20 s • Elevator B • Used right DOP • Problems: no • T to DOP 2 s • T at DOP 7 s • Total time 22 s • Elevator B • Did not use DOP • Total time 16 s • Elevator B Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Measures and covariates • Used left DOP • Problems: no • T to DOP 5 s • T at DOP 3 s • Total time 15 s • Elevator B • Used left DOP • Problems: ID twice • T to DOP 3 s • T at DOP 4 s • Total time 20 s • Elevator B • Used right DOP • Problems: no • T to DOP 2 s • T at DOP 7 s • Total time 22 s • Elevator B • Did not use DOP • Total time 16 s • Elevator B Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Measures and covariates Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
System usability scale (SUS) • Before and after … … Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Interview • Focus group interview afterwards • Impressions about the system • Objective of the system • DOP: functions and ease of use • Problems • Et cetera Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Elevator Quiz! Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Total time • On average: 22,4 seconds Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Total time Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Total time Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Total time Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Total time • Interaction effect (total time) Friends Strangers Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Did they use the panel? • On average: 84% used panel Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Did they use the panel? Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Did they use the panel? Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Did they use the panel? Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Did they use the panel? • Interaction effect (share of people who used DOP) Friends Strangers Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Persons per elevator • On average: 2 persons per elevator Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Persons per elevator Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Persons per elevator Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Persons per elevator Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Persons per elevator • Interaction effect (persons per elevator car) Friends Strangers Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP success rate • On average: 74% succeeded by first attempt Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP success rate Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP success rate Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP success rate Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP success rate • Interaction effect (DOP call success rate) Friends Strangers Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: DOP learnability • Changes in success rate during the test Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: SUS Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: SUS Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Results: Interviews • Premises, views and elevator interiors were awesome • Elevators moved fast and smoothly • The more people in the hall, the more difficult it was • Elevator hall was too narrow • DOP was difficult to use (buttons etc) • It was difficult to distinguish elevators • No clue what ★ and − buttons were (DOP) Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusion • Things become complicated if something goes wrong with DOP call • DOP time is ~4 seconds if everything is ok, but easily 10-30 seconds when problems occur • (Quite often something goes wrong) • Other people gets away with elevators while others are struggling with DOP’s Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusions: What else? • They used DOP more loyally than we expected (over 80%)… Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Video 2 Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusions: What else? • They used DOP more loyally than we expected (over 80%) • DOPs were surprisingly difficult to use… • 77% succeeded at once • 62% succeeded at once without errors Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Video 3 Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusions: What else? • They used DOP more loyally than we expected (over 80%) • DOPs were surprisingly difficult to use • 77% succeeded at once • 62% succeeded at once without errors • Elevators were not easily distinguishable… Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Video 4 Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusions: What else? • They used DOP more loyally than we expected (over 80%) • DOPs were surprisingly difficult to use • 77% succeeded at once • 62% succeeded at once without errors • Elevators were not easily distinguishable • Because of narrow corridor and placement of DOP’s the movement was not smooth… Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Video5 Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Conclusions: What else? • They used DOP more loyally than we expected (over 80%) • DOPs were surprisingly difficult to use • 77% succeeded at once • 62% succeeded at once without errors • Elevators were not easily distinguishable • Because of narrow corridor and placement of DOP’s the movement was not smooth Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science
Design implications Tuomas Husu / Department of Computer Science