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WATER WAVE DYNAMICS AND THE SECRET OF THE TSUNAMIS

WATER WAVE DYNAMICS AND THE SECRET OF THE TSUNAMIS. Presenters: -Isaac Katz -Zsuzsanna Kis -Kinneret Rozales Mentor: Ronen Avni Location: Haifa, Technion city, Faculty Of Civil Engineering. THE PHYSICS OF WAVES.

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WATER WAVE DYNAMICS AND THE SECRET OF THE TSUNAMIS

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  1. WATER WAVE DYNAMICS AND THE SECRET OF THE TSUNAMIS Presenters: -Isaac Katz -Zsuzsanna Kis -Kinneret Rozales Mentor: Ronen Avni Location: Haifa, Technion city, Faculty Of Civil Engineering.

  2. THE PHYSICS OF WAVES The following mathematical equation, commonly referred toas the wave equation served as the scientific foundation for this work.Its derivatives are also here shown, although for shortness of spacenot explained.These basic equations have uncovered the firsts steps towardsan understanding of fluid dynamics in general and water-wavebehavior in particular and I think them crucial for any one to knowwho has an interest in this subjectespecially as they don’t require advanced education to understand.

  3. WATER-WAVE EQUATION AND ITS DERIVATIVES

  4. WAVE SPEED EQUATION Long waves are non-dispersive: Their wave speed is independent of their period.It depends only on the water depth, in the form: ( c is wave speed, h water depth, g gravity). The velocity structure in a long wave is described by where z is the time dependent surface elevation (wave amplitude)and u the horizontal particle velocity. It follows that u is independent of depth and the vertical particle velocity varies linearly with depth. Particles move on very flat elliptic paths in nearly horizontal motion.

  5. WAVES IN THE LAB We can see examples of waves all around us, Here we experiment with many objects to find out their properties And see how they relate to waves. Using a pendulum, a moving board and some sand we can see the interesting results that show us howthe same underlying sinus wave shapeforms on different situations and materials.

  6. And here we can see a wave forming from the rhythmical up and down movement of a spring rope. The faster the rope is moved the more waves are formed, with nodes and anti-nodes developing harmoniously with the movement, we can thus see the rope evolving from a single waveform into multiple, complicated patterns which are not always symmetric. A demonstration of waves with normalconditions approaching a ‘shore’if looked at closely one candistinguish de similarities of the basicwave form with the picture in the right.

  7. WHAT DOES TSUNAMI MEAN? • Japanese word which in English means Harbor Wave • Commonly known as ‘tidal waves’ • Composed of a train of waves

  8. CHARACHTERISTICS OF TSUNAMIS • Long wave periods • Can achieve extreme heights • Are rare events • At open sea, they travel extremely fast, reaching velocities of 700 Km/H (400 Mh/H)

  9. WHAT CAUSES TSUNAMIS • Sub-marine earthquake • Landslides • Volcanic eruptions • Cosmic – body impacts (asteroids, comets, etc.)

  10. WHAT HAPPENS TO A TSUNAMI AS IT APPROACHES LAND • Its height grows due to shoaling • They lose some energy as they rush onshore • Depending on the particular beach this makes surfing possible

  11. SPECULATION ON A MASSIVE TSUNAMI • If an asteroid or comet 4 kilometers in diameter were to strike the earth the resulting wave can make entire coastlines disappear and wreck havoc on national infrastructures. If the body were large enough, it would achieve the status of ELE (Extinction Level Event) and change our fundamental way of life

  12. THE IMPACT ON HUMANS • Tsunamis are considered catastrophic events • They are rare, but very difficult to predict • The death tolls of an attack can reach tens of thousands

  13. WAVE RESONANCE An interesting wave phenomenon is the resonance effect that occurs whena tsunami, or any other type of wave, comes into indirect contact with anothermedium which has the same properties and part of its energy is transferred tothe other medium, thereby ‘resonating’ itself into places which otherwise itwould have been impossible to enter.

  14. WAVE SUPERPOSITIONS The following mathematical equationsexpresses the processes of wave superpositions;when two waves come together and form a singleone with characteristics of both.In the picture we see an electronic wave simulatorwhich is showing this kind of phenomenon.

  15. THANKS: • Ronen Avni for teaching us so very patiently the material and for his great examples. • Technion for letting us use their facilities • Faculty of civil engineering • Ami and Guy for driving us around and help

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