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Acids and Bases: The Final Countdown

Acids and Bases: The Final Countdown. Shireen Rudina. Arrhenius Theory. In water, acids dissociate to form H + and bases dissociate to form OH - HCl  H + + H 2 O Ba(OH) 2  Ba +2 + 2OH -. Neutralization reaction : Acid + Base => Salt + Water HA + BOH  BA + H 2 O.

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Acids and Bases: The Final Countdown

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  1. Acids and Bases: The Final Countdown Shireen Rudina

  2. Arrhenius Theory In water, acids dissociate to form H+and bases dissociate to form OH- HCl H+ + H2O Ba(OH)2 Ba+2 + 2OH- Neutralization reaction: Acid + Base => Salt + Water HA + BOH  BA + H2O

  3. Bronsted-Lowry Theory Acids = H+ donors Bases= H+ acceptors NH3 + H2O  NH4+ so NH3 is a base Every acid-base reaction has a conjugate acid and base

  4. Label the acid/base, and conjugate acid/base HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3-

  5. Acid + Carbonate  Salt + H2O + CO2 Egg: CH3COOH + CaCO3 Ca(CH3COO) + H2O + CO2 Baking Soda & Vinegar: CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

  6. Buffers • Weak acid and its conjugate base • Keep the pH around pKa of the acid • Has a buffering capacity

  7. Round 1: Multiple Choice Questions are worth 10 points

  8. What is true of a strong acid? • Has a Ka < 1 • It can have a strong conjugate base • Can be neutralized by a strong base to form a salt • It has a pH close to 5

  9. Which of the following is NOT a strong acid? A. H2SO4 B. HI C. HF D. HNO3 E. HBr

  10. Which of the following is NOT a strong base? • KOH • LiOH • Ba(OH)2 • BOH

  11. The conjugate acid of a weak base can be: A. Only a strong acid B. Only a weak acid C. Either a strong or weak acid

  12. A weak base: • Is very dilute • Dissociates a lot in water • Dissociates a little in water • Does not react with an acid

  13. I want to make a buffer at pH=9. Which conjugate acid-base pair could I use?

  14. Round 2: Short Answer 20 points

  15. What is the one molecule that can be an acid or a base? EXTRA +10 for the word that describes molecules that can be acids or bases (Italian is fine)

  16. Write the equation for Ka

  17. If I put .7 M of HCl in water, what is [H+]?

  18. If I put .5 M of the strong base Ca(OH)2 in water, how many moles of OH will I have?

  19. What is the conjugate acid of HSO4-?

  20. Write out an example of a neutralization reaction

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