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UASF – INGLES 2 SEGUNDO PERIODO. PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS PAST SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS. Present tense: 'I work he works. Permanent truths: Summer follows spring 'The present period' (= 'this is the situation at present'): My sister works in a bank.
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UASF – INGLES 2 SEGUNDO PERIODO • PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS • PAST SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS
Present tense: 'I work he works • Permanent truths: Summer follows spring • 'The present period' (= 'this is the situation at present'): My sister works in a bank. • Habitual actions: I get up at 7. 1 sometimes stay up till midnight.
Stative and dynamic verbs • We call a few verbs like love stative because they refer to 'states'. A state has no beginning • and no end. We don't 'control' it, so we don't normally use stative verbs in progressive tenses: • She loves her baby more than anything. (Not 'is loving')
Stative and dynamic verbs • Most verbs in English are dynamic. We can use them in two ways: • - in the simple present tense to describe habits, etc. I often make cakes. • - in the present progressive to describe deliberate actions in progress [> 9.281: • I'm making a cake. • There are five groups of stative verbs referring to: a feelings (like, love, etc.); • b thinkinglbelieving (think, understand, etc.) c wants (want, prefer, etc.) • d perception (hear, see, etc. [> 11.281) e beinglhavinglowning (appear, seem, belong, etc
The simple present and present progressive tense • We add -ing to most verbs, without changing the base form: wait/waiting: Wait for me. -, I am waiting for you. • If a verb ends in -e, omit the -e and add -ing: use/using: • Use a broom. -, I am using a broom. • A single vowel followed by a single consonant doubles the final consonant: sivsitting: • Sit down. -, I am sitting down. • We double the last consonant of two-syllable verbs when the second syllable is stressed: • Begin/beginning. Compare the unstressed final syllable: 'differ/'differing: • Begin work. -, I am beginning work.
Uses of the present progressive tense: 'I am working/he is working' • There are four basic uses of the present progressive tense. We use it for: • Actions in progress at the moment of speaking: He's working at the moment. • Temporary situationslactions, not necessarily in progress at the moment of speaking: • My daughter is studying English at Durham University. • Planned actions (+ future adverbial reference): We're spending next winter in Australia.
Past simple • Regular verbs always end with a -din the simple past, but we do not always pronounce the -d • ending in the same way. We usually add -edto the base form of the verb: • I play - I played, I open - I opened. We do not pronounce -ed as an extra syllable. • We use the simple past to talk about events, actions or situations which happened in the past • and are now finished. We always have to say (or imply) when the action happened, so we often • use time references like yesterday, ago, last summer
Past continuous • Temporary actions in progress in the past: I was living abroad in 1987. • We often use all to emphasize continuity (all day, all summer): It was raining all night. • Actions which were in progress when something else happened: • Just aswhen I was leaving, the phone rang. • These are often introduced by conjunctions like when, as, just as and while, but the shorter • action can be introduced by when: We were having supper when the phone rang. • Actions in progress at the same time: While I was reading, Joan was playing the piano. • Repeated actions with e.g. always: When I worked here, I was always making mistakes.
