英语高考备考策略

英语高考备考策略 湖南师大附中黄长泰 2013.07.24

1、英语教学的指导思想 2、关于牛津高中英语 3、语法教学 4、阅读教学 5、写作教学

1、英语教学的指导思想 我们英语教学的目的不能只是为了学生应付高考，而是要培养终身学习和运用英语的能力，使他们不断提高人文素质，拓宽国际视野，成为全面发展的人才。

2、关于《牛津高中英语》Advance with English Welcome to the unit 话题、图画、问题和相关知识。 Reading ①以真实、地道、优美的英语呈现现实生活和社会发展的方方面面； ②Reading stratedy阅读策略 Word power 培养生成词汇记忆链---topic vocabulary。

Grammar and usage 在精心设计的语境中呈现语法规则。 Task 使学生在较为真实的语境中参与听、说、读、写等一系列活动，并学会处理信息和完成特定的任务。 Project 是课堂教学的延伸和拓展。它鼓励学生学会分工合作，走出课堂；并通过讨论、专访，收集信息等活动 Self-assessment 自我评价、自我反思，以利进一步提高。

3、语法教学 1) Is English grammar always important? “My English is poor because I have learned grammar very well.” Is that true?

How we learn our mother tongue 1) What were the first words you learned to say? 2) What were the first sentences you learned to say? 3) How old were you when you wrote your first composition?

4) How many Chinese textbooks have you ever read/learned? newspapers, magazines, novels, poems 5) How many Chinese films/TV plays have you ever seen? 6) When did you first learn Chinese grammar?

7) Do you often think of grammar when you speak Chinese and write in Chinese? 8) Do you often pay attention to your grammar when you communicate with other people? 9) Will you be understood when you make a grammar mistake? We should try to learn English in the same way we learn Chinese.

Suggestion: We should try to learn English in the same way we learn Chinese. Conclusion: Grammar is not always very important.

Future in the past (M2U2) • We use future in the past to report an ation in the past from a time when it was still in the future • They set off at 9 a.m. and wound reach the airport an hour later. • to indicate a past intention • I was going to leave, but then it began to rain. • indicate a past arrangement • Colin left work early because he was going to see Jennifer later that afternoon.

Future in the past (M2U2) • mean that the future action actually happened • The journey that was to change Toby’s life started in July that year. • Colin wrote in his diary about his adventure in the desert.

Colin wrote in his diary about his adventure in the desert. Complete his diary entry with expressions from the box. wouldn’t see were going to watchwould get up would never forgetwould fall down would last would stop were about to turn off

Since we (1) ______ the sunrise in the desert early today, we decided to go to bed earlier than usual last night. Just as we (2) ______ the radio and get into our sleeping bags, strong winds began to blow. We thought that the strong winds (3) ______ until morning, and that we (4)______ anything in the sky except sand during the storm. We were both upset at the news, but Toby decided that he (5) ______ early anyway. He believed that the winds (6) _____ and the sand (7) ______ to the ground before we woke up. Thing went just as Toby hoped. When we got up this morning, we found the weather was extraordinary. The sun rose, as it always does, in a clear sky. We sat in total silence and looked at the beautiful pinks and yellows of the sunrise. It was something that I (8) ______. (1) were going to watch (2) were about to turn off (3) would last (4) wouldn’t see (5) would get up (6) would stop (7) would fall down (8) would never forget

The passive voice 2）关于被动语态 This morning after waking up at 6:30, my clothes were put on. In the washroom, my teeth were brushed and my face was washed. At 7:00, my breakfast was eaten. This is bad English.

This morning after waking up at 6:30, I put on my clothes. In the washroom I brushed my teeth At 7:00, I ate my breakfast. and washed my face. This is good English.

3) 语境与语法教学 (1) 关于have something done （intending toexplain: when we have something done, it is usually done by other people）：

Teacher: Suppose you feel your hair is too long, where do you think you can have a haircut? Student: At the barber’s shop. Teacher: Who cuts your hair, the barber or you yourself? Student: The barber, of course. Teacher: So we say: “We go to the barber’s to have our hair cut.”

(2) 关于短语“used to do something” (intending to illustrate: when we say we used to do something, what we really mean is that it is something we often did in the past but we don’t do it now.) My grandma used to be beautiful when was young. I think my grandma is beautiful because I love her.

3) 关于vt. + O + OC Margaret Yesterday Margaret had a fight with her husband, who is a famous boxer. What do you guess has happened to her as a result? Her husband beat her black and blue.

4) Why is human cloning forbidden? ethical issues伦理问题 (relationship) What are the correct relations between them? It will cause great confusion! Who are they? What do you call them? Mr. Tiger What do they call each other?

ethical issues伦理问题 (relationship) Wife Son Who is he? It will cause great confusion! Mr. Tiger What do they call him?

4）语法规则的探究合作学习 A. Presentation Object complement M3U3 (1) The object complement gives more information about the object They called her the Loulan Beauty.

(2) An object complement always occurs in the this pattern: verb + object + object complement They made Professor Zhang director of the institute. (noun.) We found the ruins most interesting.(adj.) They believec this document to be the official version. (infinitive) Professor Zhang’s speech was full of humor and made us laugh. (bare infinitive) We found ouselves in the middle of a desert.(pronoun) She made Joe her companion in Rome. (noun)

4、阅读教学 阅读训练的目的与解题能力和技巧的提高 1）英语阅读的目的 2）阅读训练的三个层面 3）完形填空题的基本理论和解题方法 4）阅读解题能力的技巧的提高

1）英语阅读的目的 （1）与文章的作者顺利的交流 (a successful communication between the writer and the reader) （2）与题目出题者成功的较量 (a successful answer to the question) （3）复习已学词汇、短语、句型和语法（4）学习已学词汇的新语义和新用法（5）获取新知识，扩大知识面。

2) 阅读的方法 （1）阅读训练的三个层面： A. 阅读、做题、计分； B. 阅读（弄懂文章的主题和作者的写作意图），不做题、不计分； C. 阅读（弄懂文章的主题和作者的写作意图），不做题、不计分，分析题干（弄清出题者的意图），比较选项（了解各选项的差异）。

3）知识水平与解题能力 （1）知识水平Passage 8 (2009 江西，E) 1. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by _____. A. produced B. continued C. doubled D. combined D

2. The silk thread found in the hair of an Egyptian mummy suggests that ______. A. Egyptians had probably traveled to China to buy silk B. trade along the Silk Road began earlier than once thought C. historical research often achieve fascinating results D. new light can now be thrown on ancient trading practices B

3. Until recently most historians believed that trade along the Silk Road ______. A. originated in the 2nd BC B. extended human migration into eastern Asia C. began a million years ago D. primarily benefited the Egyptians A

4. Historians have always considered Zhang Qian’s mission important because they believe ____. A. he brought back knowledge of Rome to the emperor B. he discovered the Silk Road C. he helped establish East-West trade D. he traveled as far as Afghanistan C

4、阅读训练的目的与解题能力和技巧的提高 3）完形填空题的基本理论和解题方法 A、完形填空的起源与运用完形填空法（the close procedure）的产生与格式塔心理学（Gestalt psychology）有着密切的关系。格式塔心理学特别注重作为整体的经验模式（Gestalt psychology is especially concerned with patterns of experience as wholes.）。它强调：不能通过对各部分的分析来认识整体。要理解整体的全部性质，就必须“自上而下”地分析整体结构到各个组成部分的特性。

完形填空题的创始人： 威尔逊·泰勒（Wilson Taylor） “完形填空并不直接涉及特定的意思。它只是反复地从两种语言模式的相似之处取样：一种是写的人表达自己的思想的语言模式，另一种是反映读的人根据自己的理解作出的猜测的语言模式。”

B、完形填空法的用途： 1）判断阅读教材的难易程度，以确定其可读性； 2）评估双语流畅程度； 3）评估阅读理解能力； 4）研究上下文的制约关系； 5）评估教学效果

C. 完形填空题测试中常见问题： a.忽视阅读理解，则重考查语法： “A. do B. done C. doing D. to do” “A. at B. in C. on D. to” b、语篇选材太难，超过学生的话语水平，考试结果很差。 c、语篇太短或者太长，短文的第一句就开始挖空；挖空的间距太小或挖出词过多，使学生读不懂。

C、完形填空题的解题方法 完形填空题是测试话语水平的题型。根据完形填空法的基本理论，我国在高考NMET的测试中使用完形填空题的主要目的在于考察考生的短文阅读理解能力。威尔逊·泰勒说：“完形填空所涉及的是一系列与上下文相联系的空白，而不是孤立的空白。”

a．快速通读全文，从整体上来思考短文，分析全文a．快速通读全文，从整体上来思考短文，分析全文的基本结构和表达层次，从而弄清文章的主要意思。 b．仔细阅读短文的各个细节，努力从字里行间找到能够利用的各种线索，作出合理的推断，从而找出可能的正确答案。 c．“栏目”还是“节目”？ “手枪”还是“冲锋枪”？什么样的手枪？由文章的主题/主体决定由逻辑和常识决定由文章的细节（上下文）决定

d．我们可以用下列的思路来寻找可能 存在的线索： ① graphic and morphological clues （书写和形态变化线索） ② lexical clues（词汇线索）； ③ syntactic clues（句法线索）； ④ social-cultural clues（社会文化线索） ⑤ contextual clues（上下文线索）

Behind our house is the start of a fascinating trail (小径). This trail is one of the old roads that wind through untold miles of forest. My 36 . Beans, and I walk the trail frequently. Normally Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or 37 some cause known only to him. 36. A. dear B. dog C. lady D. man 37. A. imagine B. consider C. explore D. present B C

Beans is a white dog, quite handsome and very 38 . He not only understands what we tell him, but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to 39 back. 38. A. smart B. sweet C. slow D. shy 39. A. turn B. kick C. jump D. speak Find some adjective to describe you pet dog: clever, cute, smart, lovely, caring, etc. We tell him and he speaks back. A D

One morning, we took a different route, which led us to an unfamiliar trail. I was sure this trail would eventually lead us to our familiar 40 . But, no. We seemed to be far off course. After two hours, I suddenly realized that Bean probably 41 the way home. So I urged, “Beans, take me home.” He ran down a new trail. But it merely led me to an intersection (岔路口) of trails. 40. A. driveway B. path C. crossroad D. highway 41. A. knew B. saw C. showed D. made B A

Soon it became 42 that we were getting nowhere. I began to picture the rest of the day in the 43 , without food or drink. We had walked about ten miles. But Beans seemed totally 44 . The sniffing and exploring was going well for him. 42. A. mysterious B. ridiculous C. fascinating D. apparent 43. A. house B. forest C. field D. cottage 44. A. unconcerned B. unconscious C. undecided D. uncomfortable D B A

Finally, we 45 a crossroad near a highway. Lady Luck suggested I should turn left. We did and 46 reached a cottage beside a field. I knocked on the door and explained my situation to an old man. He laughed and then drove us home. Since our adventure, I 47 that Beans probably knew all along how to get home. He was just having too much fun exploring new trails. 45. A. left for B. went off C. came to D. drove toward 46. A. punctually B. frequently C. formally D. shortly 47. A. regretted B. remembered C. concluded D. confirmed C D C

2010 湖南卷 Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48. ____________ their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49. ________ after-school note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator, 50. ________ another place where their children are sure to find it. after / when an or

A note is often a 51. ________ way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone. For one thing, parents have time to think about 52.________ they want to say before they write. 53. ________ another, the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again. People often forget all the details that 54. _______ hear in a telephone call. Finally, cell phones can be turned 55._______ or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after-school notes are very popular with parents. better what For they off

2010年 48 an 49 two 50 next 51 why 52 One 53 but 54 I 55 to 2010年 48 after / when 49 an 50 or 51 better 52 what 53 for 54 they 55 off 连词 3个冠词1个形容词0个介词1个人称代词1个不定代词1个名词1个副词0个连词 3个冠词1个形容词1个介词1个人称代词1个副词1个

4、阅读训练的目的与解题能力和技巧的提高 4）阅读解题能力的技巧的提高（1）主旨题的判断（2）词义的推测（3）信号词的运用

（2）阅读能力 A、主旨题的判断题目应具有概括性，能够涵盖全文的内容，而不是文章的局部或部分内容；与此同时，又要具有局限性。 1) A. Walking B. Walking in the garden C. Walking in Space 2) A. Population B. Population in China C. Population Problem

文章的大意或中心思想 (main idea or topic)：作者对主题（topic）概述，即一个具有概括性和总结性的陈述句。对中心思想作明确而肯定的阐述的句子叫做主题句（topic sentence or main idea sentence）。细节内容（supporting details）是指用来支持中心思想的例证、说明和详述等等。

Compare the items within each group below and indicate whether each one is a statement of main idea (MI), a topic or a specific supporting detail (D). Group 1 A. In 1981 Henry Cisneros of San Antonio became the first Mexican-American mayor of a large city. B. Mexican-American political gains. C. Since 1960 Mexican-Americans have made impressive political gains. B Topic: ____ Main Idea: ____ Detail: ____ C A

英 语 高 考 备 考 策 略