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Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train

Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train. Presented at SSSAAP Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants Conference Panama City, FL March 11 th , 2010. Presented by Daniel Roesler Principal Investigator and Project Engineer

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Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train

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  1. Development and Field Testing of a Dynamically Spiked Controlled Condensation Train Presented at SSSAAP Stationary Source Sampling and Analysis for Air Pollutants Conference Panama City, FL March 11th, 2010 Presented by Daniel Roesler Principal Investigator and Project Engineer Clean Air Engineering, Inc.

  2. Why Spike? H2SO4 (vapor) H2SO4 (mist) SO3 • SO3/H2SO4 difficult to measure • SO3/H2SO4 validation sources don’t exist • Measurement Techniques • Based on theory • Have not been validated • May contain biases for common situations Dale A. Lundgren, Paul Urone and Thomas Gundersn, "A Stack Gas Sulfate Aerosol Measurement Problem", In Workshop Proceedings on Primary Sulfate Emissions from Combustion Sources, Volume 1, EPA-600/9-78-02tia, (August 1978), pp. 161-178

  3. Measurement Techniques Manual Methods, Including Controlled Condensation (Method 8 and Various CCMs) Continuous Methods, Still Under Development (QCL/TDL, FTIR, etc.)

  4. Dynamic Spiking Concept • Dual controlled condensation sampling trains: • One Spiked • One Unspiked • Generate SO3 on demand using platinum catalyst • Inject a known amount of SO3 into spiked train probe tip • Compare spiked train recovery to unspiked train recovery • Determine method bias based on spike recovery

  5. Dynamic Spiking Run • Constant rate of spike (20% of sample rate) • Batch collection of spike in condenser • Spike measured in mg sulfate

  6. SO3 Generation • SO3 generation via platinum catalyst • Catalyst contained inside probe • SO3 generated just prior to injection

  7. SO3 Generation Testing

  8. SO3 Generation Conditions

  9. Spiking Probe

  10. Catalyst Tube

  11. Picture – Spiking Probe (new)

  12. Picture – Spiking Probe (used)

  13. Spiking System Setup

  14. Picture – Location Setup Dual SO3 Condenser Breakthrough Filters PM Oven Probe in Duct

  15. Picture – Inside Oven Probe Heater Power Cords SO2 Preheater SO2 Feed to Catalyst Particulate Filters Various Probe Thermo- couples Spiked Side Sheath Unspiked Side Sheath

  16. Conversion Efficiency Check

  17. 1st Prototype Results

  18. SO3 Ramping

  19. SO3 Ramping (Continued)

  20. Pre-Ramping SO3 Generation

  21. Spike Recovery

  22. FTIR Detection of SO3 • SO3/H2SO4 reacted with FTIR windows, creating buildup of interference that overshadowed SO2 and SO3 peaks • Only relative accuracy and stability measurements • Lacked reference spectra for low concentrations of SO3

  23. Alternative Catalyst

  24. Conclusion Yes! We can reliably generate a known amount of SO3 spike within a ±20% range. Yes! We can capture that SO3 spike using controlled condensation in a field setting.

  25. What’s Next • Make dynamic spiking available for SO3/H2SO4 testing (patent pending) • Further develop alternative catalyst • Shrink the ±20% recovery range to ±5% • Remove the need for seasoning and pre-ramping • Create low level SO3 reference spectra for FTIR • Validate other SO3/H2SO4 measurement techniques using SO3 generation and spiking system, such as new ASTM SO3/H2SO4 method

  26. Questions? Special Thanks This presentation will be available online at http://www.cleanair.com/SO3

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