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CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN Rana pipiens

CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN Rana pipiens. Biology 305 Laboratory. ANNOUNCEMENTS. Lab Quiz Next Week: Based on: Virtual Mouse Lab Frog Cardiovascular Lab. ANNOUNCEMENTS. Oral & Poster Presentation: Researched, written, prepared, presented as group

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CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN Rana pipiens

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  1. CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION IN Rana pipiens Biology 305 Laboratory

  2. ANNOUNCEMENTS Lab Quiz Next Week: • Based on: • Virtual Mouse Lab • Frog Cardiovascular Lab

  3. ANNOUNCEMENTS • Oral & Poster Presentation: • Researched, written, prepared, presented as group • All individuals in group receive SAME grade • Combo is approx. 25% of final grade! • You must choose ONE lab from the semester: • Excluded labs include: • Lab #1 & 2 • “Virtual” labs

  4. ANNOUNCEMENTS • Oral & Poster Presentation: • Majority of info for presentation comes directly from your lab notebook • Data, observations, tables, graphs and answers to questions • The oral presentation will be given first, followed by the poster • Absolutely NO LATE submissions!

  5. NEXT WEEK’S EXERCISE: FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY The CV System: • CV system is tied to respiratory system

  6. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Three Main Components: • Heart • Blood • Vessels

  7. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Amphibian Heart: • Heart has three chambers • Two partially separate circuits • One cardiac cycle • O2-deficient blood enters heart • May mix with O2-rich blood from lung • Blood pumped out of heart to rest of body

  8. ANATOMICAL FEATURES OF THE AMPHIBIAN HEART Sinus Venosus: • Region of pacemaker cells between vena cava and right atrium

  9. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Leopard Frog (Rana pipiens): • Use of force transducer • Measure frequency and relative force of contraction • May observe both atrial & ventricular contraction (systole) on trace

  10. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY • Regulation of Heart Rate Represents Balance: • Intrinsic Factors: • Extrinsic Factors:

  11. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Intrinsic Factors: • Innervations of the Heart: • Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) has two subdivisions that influence HR & force of contraction

  12. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Divisions of ANS: • Sympathetic Division • Parasympathetic Division • The two divisions work antagonistically

  13. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY • Parasympathetic Division • Releases Acetylcholine (Ach) • Sympathetic Division • Releases Norepinephrine (NE)

  14. AUTONOMIC PATHWAYS Sympathetic Pathway: = ADRENERGIC Target Tissue < Ach < NE Parasympathetic Pathway: Target Tissue < Ach < Ach = CHOLINERGIC

  15. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Effect of Neurotransmitters (neurohormone): • NE/Epi • Ach

  16. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Extrinsic Factors: • Agonists: • Antagonists:

  17. CARDIOVASCULAR TERMINOLOGY Cardiac Output (CO): • Amount of blood pumped by ventricle per unit time

  18. CARDIOVASCULAR TERMINOLOGY Heart Rate (HR): • Number of contractions per minute • Derived directly from period:

  19. CARDIOVASCULAR TERMINOLOGY Stroke Volume (SV): • Volume of blood ejected from heart during ventricular contraction

  20. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Relative Force of Contraction: • Measured by amplitude of periodic cycle • Influenced by:

  21. CHANGES IN FORCE OF CONTRACTION & STROKE VOLUME • Starling’s Law of the Heart : • Amount of blood in ventricle when systole begins (EDV) influences force of contraction

  22. CONTRACTILITY Contractility: • Intrinsic ability of a cardiac muscle fiber to contract at a given length • Agents that increase contractility are called • Agents that decrease contractility are called

  23. STARLING’S LAW OF THE HEART Stroke Volume As A Function of EDV ^ Stroke Volume (ml) or Force of Contraction Normal * End Diastolic Volume (ml) Stretch of Myocardial Cells Causes Greater Force of Contraction (& SV)

  24. CHANGES IN FORCE OF CONTRACTION & STROKE VOLUME • Contractility: • In mammals, NE/EPI typically increase contractility • Results in increased force, even though they cause an increase HR

  25. FROG CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY Some Hints For Lab: • Avoid Contamination: label ALL beakers & pipettes!!! • Apply NE, Ach& cold Ringers to heart and observe response (frequency/amplitude) on computer • Apply Ringer’s solution often • Especially between each treatment • Take baseline readings BEFORE addition of ea. treatment! • After running agents of known origin, consult with group members on how to test identity of an unknown

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