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Literary Analysis Essay. Composition. Purpose. A literary analysis broadens understanding and appreciation of a piece of literature. Think as you read: What theme is the author attempting to convey? In other words, what is the author saying about life and/or people?
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Literary Analysis Essay Composition
Purpose • A literary analysis broadens understanding and appreciation of a piece of literature. • Think as you read: • What theme is the author attempting to convey? In other words, what is the author saying about life and/or people? • What techniques are employed to convey theme, mood, etc.?
Thesis Statement • A thesis for a literary analysis must be persuasive in nature. • A formula for the most basic analysis thesis could look something like this: • In (title), (author's name) uses (1st literary device), (2nd literary device), and (3rd literary device) to (analyze/criticize/explain/etc.) (some aspect of human nature). • In "If you Were Coming in the Fall," Emily Dickinson uses simile, diction, and syntax to describe how people wait, hoping to fall in love.
Literary Elements • A literary analysis should focus on one or a combination of the following major literary elements: • Theme - but never alone! Only how it is brought out through use of other techniques. • What message about life and/or people is the author trying to convey?
Conflict • Conflict – internal? external? Who’s involved? • Person vs. person • Person vs. him/herself • Person vs. society • Person vs. nature • What does the conflict(s) reveal about the theme?
Characterization • Characterization: • Direct characterization: the author tells the reader directly about a character. • Indirect characterization: revealed through dialogue, character’s own thoughts, actions, thoughts of others, physical description. • Consider why that character is important in the story. How is s/he used to develop the theme?
Setting • Define the setting(time and place of story). • What does the setting reveal about the theme? Is the author commenting upon the time period in which the story is set?
Symbolism • Symbolism – objects, actions, descriptions, characters can all represent deeper ideas • Analyze the choice of symbols and what they are meant to symbolize or reveal. • How does the symbolism develop the theme?
Point of View • Point of view • 1st person: told from character’s perspective and voice • 3rd person omniscient – narrator knows all characters’ thoughts and feelings • 3rd person limited – narrator knows one character’s thoughts and feelings; told from author’s voice • How does it affect character development? • Would it matter if the narration was different? Why? • How does the point of view develop the theme?
COMMENTARY: So What? • Always go one step further in your commentary and be sure to answer the question “So what?” • Always explain your point. • The story is set in the South. • So what? • The main character is a hypochondriac. • So what? • The road symbolizes choice. • So what?
Quotes • An effective literary analysis essay relies upon quotes to strengthen the analysis. • A quote should not be more than a few words. Generally, there is no need to quote an entire sentence. • Choose only the most important word(s) to quote. • Explain the quote without referencing it directly by saying “This quote shows…” or “This proves…” • Cite all quotes: “Quoted” words (Page #).
QUOTE INTEGRATION • Quotes must be smoothly integrated into a sentence of your own. Without quotations marks, the reader should not be able to tell where your words end and the quoted words begin. • Contextualize quotes by providing the context and speaker (if quoting dialogue): • When he hears her answer, Jessup “flies off the handle” and tells her to “Get lost!” (94). • If you need to change words within a quote, use brackets [new word] around the new word. • After the trial, Scout tells Jem that she “heard [Miss Gates] say it’s time somebody taught [the black people of Maycomb] a lesson” (247).
WHILE YOU READ • While you read the story, highlight and label passages regarding the following: • Setting • Symbolism • Characters (personality traits, descriptions, telling statements) • Conflict • Fairy tale techniques • Tragic hero qualities • Anything you think may be important
THE ESSAY • This essay will be a 4-paragraph essay: • Introduction • 2 body paragraphs, each exploring one literary element • Conclusion • No Works Cited necessary • Parentheticals (page numbers) are required