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The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture

The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture. A microcontroller (μC) is a single integrated circuit that executes a user program for controlling some device. A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports, serial port, and a timer all on a single chip.

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The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture

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  1. The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture • A microcontroller (μC) is a single integrated circuit that executes a user program for controlling some device. • A microcontroller has a CPU in addition to a fixed amount of RAM, ROM, I/O ports, serial port, and a timer all on a single chip. • An embedded system uses a microcontroller to do one task and one task only. • Microcontrollers are found in devices such as microwave ovens, automobiles, keyboards, CD players, cell phones, security systems, electronic toys, garage door openers, answering machines, … etc.

  2. Differences between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers • Microprocessors contain no ROM, no RAM, no I/O ports, while microcontrollers contain ROM, RAM, I/O ports, timers and other peripherals. • Microcontroller systems are cheaper and more cost effective. • The computing power of microprocessors is higher.

  3. Factors Influencing the Selection of Microcontroller Chips • Speed • Packaging • Power consumption • Amount of RAM and ROM on-chip • Number of I/O pins • How easy to upgrade to higher performance versions • Cost per unit

  4. Commercial 8-bit Microcontrollers • Intel’s 8051 Family • Microchip’s PIC Family • Motorola’s 6811 Family • Zilog’s Z8 Family 8051 Family Manufacturers • Intel (Original) • Atmel • Philips/Signetics • AMD • Infenion (Formally Siemens) • Dallas Semiconductors

  5. The 8051 Microcontroller • 8-bit CPU • 128B on-chip RAM • 4KB on-chip ROM • 2 Timers • Four I/O Ports (Each 8-bits wide) • One Serial Port DIP Package SMD Package

  6. 8051 Pin Configuration

  7. 8051 Family Members

  8. 8051 IC Minimum Connections 1 Machine Cycle = 12 Clock Periods = 12/ fck fck = Clock frequency (4MHz – 30MHz)

  9. 8051 Memory Architecture • The 8051 microcontroller uses the Harvard Architecture • In Harvard Model the program memory is separated from data memory

  10. Memory Organization Internal and External Memories Internal RAM Memory Map On-chip ROM Address Space

  11. Code Memory

  12. Memory Expansion

  13. Special Function Registers (SFRs)

  14. The 8051 Basic Registers

  15. PSW Register (Flag Register)

  16. 8051 I/O Ports • The 8051 contains 4 I/O Ports • Each port has 8-lines • Each port can be programmed for input or output of data • Port 0 and Port 2 can be used data and address lines for external memory interfacing • Port 3 has alternate functions for external connections • Port 0 should be connected to pull-up resistors before using it for data input or output • Port 1 is solely designed for I/O data exchange

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