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The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings (Rome, 22 March 2012). Maggiore Anna Bonifazi. Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri. Phases : Recruitment Transportation Reception/ Logistical support Use of deception and threat : False promise of legal work
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The fight against Trafficking in Human Beings (Rome, 22 March 2012) Maggiore Anna Bonifazi
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Phases: • Recruitment • Transportation • Reception/ Logistical support Use of deception and threat: • False promise of legal work • Recruitment by someone known and trusted by victim • Use of psychological violence • Threats to family members in the country of origin • Subjugation of victims with magic rituals (e.g. Wodoo for Nigerian women) Huge economic interests: • Phenomenon of multi-trafficking ( people, drugs, firearms, etc.) Transnationalism Transnational crime in at least 2 state Linguistic and cultural complexity -Need for cultural mediators, interpreters, psychologists, bilingual police force, priests, etc.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Who are the victims? • Men • Women • Minors Where are they from? • Eastern Europe • Africa • Asia • South America What type of exploitation? • Labour exploitation • Sexual exploitation • Criminal activities/ street begging What are the man features of human trafficking? • Organised • Transnational • Linked to other forms of international trafficking
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri A victim of trafficking: • does not recognise the context of trafficking; • believes in the trafficker’s ‘promises’; • Even if she has doubts, she deludes herself into believe that the exploitation will be short and she will eventually regain her freedom; • If she has experienced physical or sexual violence, she feels guilty and uncomfortable; • She is worried about herself and her family; • She does not trust the police; • She is scared.
Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri A victim of trafficking: • might have been indoctrinated and intimidated by the trafficker; • might have been brainwashed; • might be confused; • might have an hostile attitude, might be angry, scared and distrustful; • might not be willing to doubt the ‘good will’ of her trafficker especially if she feels tied to him/her by some sort of relationship; • might lie.
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Special Operations Group of Italian Carabinieri Operation CARONTE (year 2009)