Nuclear Power Fleet Operation Perspective September 13, 2004

1. Jim HillDirector, NMC Performance AssessmentNEI SNPM Working GroupASQ Nuclear Power Production Committee Nuclear Power Fleet Operation Perspective September 13, 2004

2. MN WI MI Monticello Hudson HQ Kewaunee Prairie Island Point Beach Palisades IA Duane Arnold Energy Center

3. Nuclear PowerProduction Committee NPPC Mission To initiate, develop, and communicate improvements to the body of knowledge and tools applicable to quality management and quality engineering, and to promote the use of the knowledge and tools as applicable to nuclear power production.

4. Operational Challenges • Maintaining or improving operational performance while controlling costs • Standardization of work processes • Ensure public confidence in safety of nuclear operations • Plant Operation • Storage and transport of used nuclear fuel • Other • Re-licensing • Aging Workforce

5. Employee Selection Process-Based Perspective of Site Management Reporting Training & Development Planning • Customers • Asset Owner • Local Community Core Production Processes Objectives & Goals Budgeting Recognition & Rewards Communication Performance Management View the site as a business enterprise

6. Adapted from: EED-99-01 Recommendations for the Implementation of Selected Leading Indicators of Performance at Nuclear Power Production Plants, ASQ, 1999

7. NRCRole: Maintain Regulation, issue licenses for operation of nuclear facilities, control of materials, etc. • Performance Measures for plant operators • Creation further development of set of measures to monitor regulatory performance • Focused solely on safety of operations • Primarily measures outcomes, “leading” measures are very limited (appropriate for a regulator) • Significance Determination Process • Probabilistic Risk Assessment used to assess violations. What risk was presented by the condition? See www.nrc.gov - very open information on these processes, and performance information on reactor operation

8. NEIRole: To foster and encourage the continued safe utilization and development of nuclear energy to meet the nation’s energy, environmental and economic goals • Policy direction • Unified approach to regulatory issues, reliability and economic efficiency • Encouragement to educational institutions to promote education in nuclear energy disciplines Industry Executives have challenged NEI to improve efficiency, coordination and shift some resources to most important issues • Development of Standard Nuclear Performance Model (SNPM) for more effective process management See www.nei.org for more information

9. Standard Nuclear Process Model (Rev 4) – Executive View

10. Safety of Operation SNPM provides industry a picture of site business enterprise

11. NEI Performance Improvement • The objective of performance improvement is to continuously explore ways to: • Increase business efficiency • Lower operating cost • Maintain or improve safety • This is accomplished by: • Focusing on process management • Maintaining a Standard Nuclear Performance Model • Conducting benchmarking training • Understanding Change Management • Developing and Maintaining “Communities of Practice” in each process area

12. Established CoPs Configuration Management Materials and Services (Supply Chain) Information Technology Information Management Human Resources Equipment Reliability CoP Discussions Emergency Preparedness Fire Protection HP-Radiation Protection Licensing & Permits Work Management Performance Monitoring and Improvement (LP002) Communities of Practice

13. Community of Practice

14. NEI Proposed Performance ImprovementCommunity of Practice

15. Standard Nuclear Performance Model Framework Tools & Techniques “How” Business Case “Why” SpecificImprovements(measured) Big Picture • Process Improvement • Training- Lean Tools • Change Management • Human Motivation • Management Tools • Integration • Effective Human Motivation • Cost • Quality • Performance • Consistency • Production Capacity • Standard Processes • Process Maps • High Level KPIs • Flexible Organization Design • Benchmarking Projects • Good Practices Business/Tactical Planning Integrating Framework Project Management

16. NPPC – Where to go? Traditional NPPC projects are being rapidly “taken over” – this is a good thing! • Management is taking over responsibility for Quality functions and systems • More INPO and EPRI alignment around NEI SNPM • Used as planning framework for joint EPRI, INPO, and NEI meeting Where can ASQ help? Emphasize quality concepts in CoPs and business enterprise – the NPPC Mission still applies • Quality Management Division • Statistics Division

17. Nuclear Plant Operation:Safe and Secure • America’s nuclear plants are part of our vital industrial infrastructure. • They were among the most secure industrial facilities before Sept. 11. • They’re even more secure now.

18. Industry Response to 9/11:Immediate Actions • All nuclear plants to highest alert level • Increased patrols • Augmented security forces and capabilities • Heightened coordination with law enforcement and military authorities • Limitations on access to plant sites

19. Industry Response to 9/11:Immediate Actions • Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) top-to-bottom review of safeguards and security requirements and policies. • Regulations governing commercial nuclear facilities • NRC coordination with other agencies, communications capabilities, etc.

20. Industry Response to 9/11: Strategic Recommendations • Perform comprehensive review of all credible threats to security of critical energy infrastructure, including nuclear power plants. • Determine which possible threats should be the responsibility of: • federal government (terrorist acts of war) • private industry

21. Comparative Size of Targets WTC 208’ wide1,353’ tall Containment Building130’ wide160’ tall Spent Fuel Pool 80’ wide40’ tall Dry Casks10’ wide20’ tall(12 depicted) Pentagon1,489’ wide (921’ per side)71’ tall

22. Containment Vessel 1.5-inch thick steel Shield Building Wall 3 foot thick reinforced concrete Dry Well Wall 5 foot thick reinforced concrete Bio Shield 4 foot thick leaded concrete with 1.5-inch thick steel lining inside and out Reactor Vessel 4 to 8 inches thick steel Reactor Fuel Weir Wall 1.5 foot thick concrete Safety is Part of Reactor Designs

23. Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test • A rocket propelled F-4 Phantom jet aircraft is crashed, at 480 miles per hour, head-on into a concrete target mounted on top of an air platform, with a combined weight of more than one million pounds. • This test was done at Sandia Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to estimate the effect of an aircraft crashing directly into a critical concrete structure, such as a nuclear plant’s containment structure.

24. Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test • All commercial nuclear plants in the United States must have a containment structure to be licensed to operate.

25. Sandia Labs F-4 Crash Test

26. Operation requires storing Used Fuel on-site • Fuel removed every 18-20 months • Stored initially on site in vault • Some later transferred to dry storage

27. Fuel (new and used) are ceramic pellets

28. Fuel Rods Filled With Pellets Are Grouped Into Fuel Assemblies

29. New Fuel Assembly Inspection

30. Used Fuel Assembly Removal fromReactor Vessel

31. Used Fuel storage in Pool

32. Yucca Mountain Used Fuel National Repository:

33. Supplemental Site Storageis required at many sites

34. Used Fuel Storage Cask

35. Supplemental Cask Storage

36. Used Fuel Locations

37. Used Fuel Transport is Safe:Putting transport into perspective • Annually, 300 million packages of hazardous materials are shipped in U.S. • 1% of these are radioactive materials, or 3 million packages. • Majority are radiopharmaceuticals or radioisotopes used in medical applications. • 250,000 contain radioactive materials from nuclear power plant operation.

38. Used Fuel Transport • Presently, fewer than 100 shipments of used nuclear fuel occur annually. • Expect 300 to 500 containers to be shipped annually to a repository. • More than 3,000 used fuel shipments in U.S. over past 40 years. • More than 21,000 used fuel shipments internationally over past 40 years.

39. Robust transport container design provides first level of security Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved route and security plan Advance notification to Governors prior to shipments Dates of shipments not publicized Used Fuel Transport Security • Satellite tracking; use of communications equipment • Periodic update of route conditions • Armed escorts in urban areas; elsewhere as required by State • Locking devices on trucks preventing unauthorized movement

40. Used Fuel Transport Security • A system of safeguards exists to ensure safety during used fuel transportation. • NRC and Department of Energy (DOE) have performed studies and tests to assess the risks of sabotage to used fuel transportation. • NRC periodically reviews potential threats with law enforcement agencies. • NRC reexamines safeguards and security for used fuel transport as necessary.

41. Used Fuel Transport Safety • Accidents can happen. • That is why used fuel shipping containers are designed to withstand severe accidents. • There have been 8 transport accidents involving used fuel containers in the U.S. • There has NEVER been a release of the radioactive contents. • Four of the accidents involved empty containers.

42. Used Fuel Transport Safety • Prior to certification by the NRC, used fuel transport casks must be shown to meet a series of hypothetical accident conditions. • Drop, Puncture, Thermal (fire), Water Submersion • These can be done through physical testing and through the use of computer modeling. See information, pictures, video at www.nei.org