英美兒童與青少年文學與英語文教學芻議以故事為例

英美兒童與青少年文學與英語文教學芻議以故事為例英美兒童與青少年文學與英語文教學芻議以故事為例發表於東華大學外文系 2010.6.25 彭輝榮博士（Dr. Hui-zung Perng） National Changhua University of Education Graduate Institute of Children’s English/Department of English 國立彰化師範大學兒童英語研究所/英語系

演講大綱 • 什麼現狀要求我們要重視這個議題？ • 什麼理論可以支持這個議題的研究？ • 到底要如何研究這個議題？ • 幾個子題： • 情境教材──Newbury Medal/honor Books • 常用英語文教學理論 • 常用語用教材分析工具 • 簡易文學理論之運用──介紹thematic reading • 教案設計工具 • 教學過程介紹 • 幾個研究實例 • 陷阱導論 • 結語

何謂實證主義 客觀導向科學導向數據導向實務導向單一結果導向何謂修辭學主觀導向論辯導向人文導向語言導向多元結果導向修辭訓練與實證訓練的差異

教學理論背景 • 15-20種語言教學法 • 最近用比較多的教學法：溝通式教學法（） • TBI, CBI, CoL, PaA, LST, MI,

何謂情境教材（authentic materials） • 日常生活 • 文學作品

常用語用教材分析工具 • 語言學用語 • 語用學用語 • 文學理論用語

簡易文學理論之運用 利用故事教材進行thematic reading • 情節發展(plot) • 角色刻畫(characterization) • 時空背景(setting) • 觀點(point of view) • 修辭用語(style and figures of speech) • 語調(tone) • 主題(theme)

簡易自我成長主題 • 「我」是特殊的，「我」是好的 • 衝破內在藩籬，才能找到與自我相處之道 • 成長過程就像一次遠方的探險旅行 • 家庭或學校都是社會縮影 • 認識自然，有助個人成長 • 大人之責是照顧小孩成長，但小孩也可以幫助大人認識自己 • 友誼有助個人認識群我關係 • 男女生自我成長道路並不相同，女性的常常更具挑戰性 • 「我」在男生圈子長大，但「我」很好 • 認識性別差異可增進成長的智慧 • 動物社會和人類的並無太大差別 • 愛護動物助「我」成長 • 成長的故事，男女戀情通常是缺席的

Newbery Medal Books (1) • Shiloh • Esperanza Rising • Because of Winn-Dixie • The View from Saturday • The Wanderer • The Single Shard • Maniac Magee • The Egypt Game

Newbery Medal Books (2) • Mr. Popper’s Penguins • The Westing Game • The Lion , The Witch, and the Wardrobe • The Giver • A Wrinkle in Time • The Whipping Boy • Number the Stars

Newbery Medal Books (3) • Julie of the Wolves • Ella Enchanted • Sarah Plain and Tall • Bud, Not Buddy • The Sakespeare Stealer • The Moorchild • The Fledgling

Children’s Stories and Young Adult Literature Made to Last • Lord of the Flies • Catcher in the Rye • To Kill a Mocking Bird • Animal Farm • Light in the Attic • Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn • Treasure Island • Robinson Crusoe • Romeo and Juliet • Great Expectations

Dr. Seuss’s Classics • If I Ran the Zoo • Horton Hatches the Egg • Daisy-Head Mayzie • I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew • Oh, the Places You’ll Go! • The Butter Battle Book • The War Between the Vowels and the Consonants

Roald Dahl’s Classics • George’s Marvelous medicine • Matilda • James and the Giant Peach • The Twits • The BFG • James and the Giant Peach • Roald Dahl’s Revolting Rhymes (illustrated by Quentin Blake)

Louis Sachar’s Classics • Holes • Small Steps • Marvin Redpost—Class President • Wayside Stories

Katherine Paterson’s Classics • Bridge to Terabithia • Jacob Have I Loved

Stories with Strong Themes (1) • Corneilius by Leo Lionni • Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day by Judith Viorst • Alexander, Who Used to Be Rich last Sunday by Judith Viorst • Knights Don’t Teach Piano by Debbie Dadey and Marcia Thorton Jones (The Bailey School Kids)

Stories with Strong Themes (2) • Boy Trap • Little Red Riding Hood: A Newfangled Prairie Tale by Lisa Campbell Ernst • Red Riding Hood by James Marshall (traditional tale) • The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig by Eugene Trivizas and Helen Oxenbury • Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak • Cinderella 2000 Looking Back…

Fun Stories (1) • If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Felicia Bond • Who cloned the President? • The Amazing Days of Abby Hayes: The Declaration of Independence • The Amazing Days of Abby Hayes: Some Things Never Change) • School Stinks! • A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket • Skinny-Bonnes • Boss of Lunch • Just Go to Bed by Mercer Mayer

Fun Stories (2) • Pippi Longstocking • Who Ran My Underwear Up the Flagpole? • Romeo and Juliet (comic book) • The Canterbury Tales Retold by Selina Hastings (Illustrated by Reg Cartwright) • The Globe • The King’s Commissioners by Aileen Friedman (pictures by Susan Guevara)

Literature in the Language Classroom: Guidelines for Teaching Demonstration • First Part: Introduce the background of your Demo (targeted student background, analysis of teaching materials, teaching aids, teaching methods, etc.) • Second Part: Introduce your instructional method (ESL/EFL teaching methodology), you must have at least one method that can bring your teaching activities into focus • Third Part: Analysis of your teaching materials (English or American Children or YA Literature) via theme(s) and language focus • Fourth Part: Explain your proposed teaching procedure, beginning with teaching objectives (general and specific), and then discuss teacher and student activities, code, time, and evaluation method. Remember to keep theme and language focus at sight. • Fifth Part: Analysis of your teaching procedure, particularly the activities you conduct in the two hour classes.

教案設計工具 • Adrian Doff模式 • 陳須姬模式 • 張水木模式

溝通式教學過程介紹 • 準備模式（preparation model） • 語用直接教學法（pragmatic direct method） • 文學教學模式（literature-based instruction） • 語言教學模式（language-based instruction） • 任務導向教學模式（task-based instruction） • 合作學習模式（cooperative learning model） • 主題式教學法（theme-based instruction） • 段落式閱讀模式（passage reading model） • 生字、文法與片語學習模式（vocabulary, grammar and phrase learning model） • 評量模式（evaluation model）

如何應付生字、片語與文法 • 教師選材 • 教師講解 • 融入活動 • 合查字典

幾個研究實例 • 賴照文 • 林曉琪 • 張依濡 • 陳明玉 • 吳柏興

陷阱 • 不參考文學術語（literary terms）的文盲式的閱讀陷阱 • 教學過程陷阱 • 分組討論之陷阱：講英文？ • 直接教學法陷阱 • 文法翻譯教學法中的內心衝突

結語 • JFK: Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. 我們不因害怕而協商，但也不害怕協商。 • Thomas Paine: The harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph.衝突愈大，贏得更光榮。

謝謝！ • 有空請到彰化師大英語系/兒英所來玩！

英美兒童與青少年文學與英語文教學芻議以故事為例