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Mechanoreception

Mechanoreception. Balance & Acceleration (equilibrioception) Body Awareness (proprioception) Internal Stretch Receptors (ex. bladder, blood vessels) Internal Touch/Pressure Receptors (ex. pharynx) Thermoreception Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors Nocioceptors. Diverse.

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Mechanoreception

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  1. Mechanoreception • Balance & Acceleration (equilibrioception) • Body Awareness (proprioception) • Internal Stretch Receptors (ex. bladder, blood vessels) • Internal Touch/Pressure Receptors (ex. pharynx) • Thermoreception • Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors • Nocioceptors Diverse

  2. Cutaneous Mechanoreceptor Types Pacinian Corpuscle Hair Follicle Receptor Merkel’s Disk Ruffini Ending Mechanical Displacement

  3. Hair follice receptors. • Light Touch – Meissner’s Corpuscle • Strong Pressure – Merkel’s Disk • Pain – Nociceptors • Heat/Cold – Thermoreceptors, some Nociceptors

  4. Nociception • Primarily detect pain. • ‘Free Nerve Endings’, ‘Wide Dynamic Range receptors’ • Only known polymodal receptors. Also receive: • Hot, cold • Warm, cool (similar receptors, distinct pathways) • Chemoreception • Complicated. • Many exceptions. • Poorly understood.

  5. Pacinian Corpuscles • In joints, organs. • Rapidly adapting – responds briefly to begining and end of stimulus • Detects: pressure change, esp. vibrations • Up to centimeters away • Responds best to sinusoidal vibrations w/ narrow frequency range. • ~Low pass filter • Result of onion-shaped structure

  6. Meissner’s Corpuscles • Highly concentrated in areas sensitive to light touch. • Fingertips, lips, tongue, soles, genitals • Located: surface of the skin •  highly sensitive •  Limited. Must physically be touching.

  7. Merkel’s Disk • Slow adaption because of rigid structure. • Sustainable response – 30 min. in humans • Irregular firing in sustained. • Large receptive field. • Small, sharp pressure: fast firing rate. • Large, flat pressure: slow rate • Located in hairless skin and in hair follices. • Not in skin surrounding follicle.

  8. Ruffini Ending • Only in glabrous skin • Sensitive to skin streching. • Contributes to fine motor control. • Contributes significantly to finger positioning.

  9. Mechanosensory ‘Homunculus’ Somatosensory area of human cortex: Postcentral Gyrus of Parietal Lobe • ‘Topographic map’ of skin receptors. • Size of area ~ # of receptors Receives projections from: Skin receptors  spinal nerve Face / Mouth  trigeminal nerve

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