Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title:IEEE 802.15.6 Tutorial Date Submitted: November 9, 2011 Source: David Davenport (GE Global Research), (davenport@ge.com), Marco Hernandez (NICT), (marco@nict.go.jp), Daniel Lewis (NICTA), (danielmlewis@gmail.com), Huan-Bang Li (NICT), (lee@nict.go.jp), Richard McPartland (Toumaz), (richard.mcpartland@toumaz.com), Okundu C. Omeni (Toumaz), (okundu.omeni@toumaz.com), Jin-Meng Ho (TI) (jinmengho@ti.com), Arthur Astrin (Astrin Radio), (art@astrinradio.com) Re:IEEE 802.15.6 Tutorial Abstract: Educational material about IEEE 802.15.6 standard Purpose: To focus activities during the meeting Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. IEEE 802.15.6 Tutorial

3. Agenda What is a BAN? IEEE standardization progress 802.15.6 Standard Architecture Summary

4. What is a Body Area Network (BAN)? The optimal place to monitor different vital signs, inject drugs or signals are not all in the same location. A Body Area Network (BAN)… provides communication links in and around the body Allows communications between sensors, actuators and processing elements

5. IEEE Standards • IEEE Standards are used around the world to help industries and companies open business opportunities, maximize research efforts, generate public and customer trust, build order in the marketplace and enhance safety. • The IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) is a leading developer of industry standards in a broad-range of industries. Globally recognized, the IEEE-SA has strategic relationships with the IEC, ISO, and the ITU and satisfies all SDO requirements set by the World Trade Organization, offering more paths to international standardization.

6. Purpose of IEEE802.15.6 Standard The purpose of the proposed standard it to provide an international standard for a short range (i.e. about human body range), low power and highly reliable wireless communication for use in close proximity to, or inside, a human body. (PAR 07-0575)

7. BAN Architecture with extension Node Node Node Hub BAN Node Node Node Hub/Node

8. Possible hub locations • Necklace • Belt • Wrist • Shoe • Off Body - Bedside

9. 806.15.6 Architecture 1 common MAC but 3 PHYs PHY NB Media Access Control (MAC) PHY UWB PHY HBC

10. IEEE802.15.6 Narrowband Designed for wireless medical applications: • wearable • implantable

11. IEEE802.15.6 Narrowband Patient tethered to monitor Patient monitored wirelessly (no cables) Implantable • Develop a wireless standard for implantable unified with wearable. • Implantable currently has a band but no standard Wearable Replace cables with highly reliable wireless One or both ends of the wireless link on the human body

12. 802.15.6 Narrowband can use quiet spectrum… 2.4 – 2.5GHz ISM band 2.36 – 2.4GHz MBAN band • Primary users: • Aeronautical mobile telemetry • Radio astronomy • Future, secondary users: • 802.15.6 enabled medical devices Wi-Fi Bluetooth ZigBee Microwave oven Really quiet (think town library) Really noisy (think music festival)

13. Proposed Medical BAN (MBAN) band in US New quiet band. Crowded band. Reliability challenges. Indoor use health facilities Any where WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Proprietary 2360 MHz 2390 MHz 2400 MHz 2483.5 MHz Amateur Radio 2390-2450 MHz Aeronautical mobile Telemetry (AMT) 2360-2395 MHz – primary user Radio Astronomy 2370-2390 MHz • Proposed new quiet MBAN band in US will be… • MBAN systems will operate in the new band on a secondary basis • Limited to transmission of data (no voice) for medical applications • Operation by duly authorized health care professionals and prescription • 2360-2390 MHz operation permitted indoors at hospitals subject to coordination, radio propagation, eKey/beacon, transition plans and other proposed rule elements • 2390-2400 MHz MBAN operation permitted anywhere - hospitals, home etc.

14. 802.15.6NB: low average &peak power Peak current 20mA Low peak current allows more flexibility for sensors & local processing Not much left for sensors 10mA CR2032 can deliver ~20mA peak Bluetooth Low Energy 802.15.6NB

15. Why not use Bluetooth LE? 802.15.6 Narrowband and BTLE are designed for different use cases. Bluetooth LE Infrequent sending of small amounts of data via a mobile phone and/or to a web service. Not designed for: streaming or applications requiring higher data rates (>20kbps) applications requiring high reliability (BTLE has no FEC, operates in noisy 2.4GHz band) 802.15.6 Narrowband Focussed on medical applications requiring short range bidirectional wireless data transfer. Typically at least one end of the wireless link is on or in the human body. It is designed to: provide a highly reliable wireless connection (FEC & operation in quiet MBAN band) support streaming

16. 802.15.6 Narrowband Channels Implantable Wearable

17. 802.15.6 Narrowband Data Rates Data rate can be traded for range or robustness. Dividing data rate by 4 => x2 range

18. UWB PHY • The wideband PHY is based on UWB technology • In particular impulse radio (IR-UWB) and wideband FM (FM-UWB) • IR-UWB is based on transmission of either a single pulse (new paradigm) or a burst of pulses (legacy) per information symbol. • FM-UWB combines CP-GFSK modulation with wideband FM.

19. UWB PHY • UWB radios allow • Low implementation complexity, which is critical for low power consumption. • The signal power levels are in the order of those used in the MICS band (medical implant devices). That is, UWB provides safety power levels for the human body. • Low interference to other medical devices and equipment

20. UWB PHY applications • There are two modes of operation: default mode and high quality of service (QoS) mode. • The default mode is used in medical and non-medical applications (IR-UWB transceivers are mandatory for implementation, while FM-UWB transceivers are optional) • The high QoS mode is used for high priority medical applications (IR-UWB transceivers are mandatory)

21. 802.15.6 Ultra Wideband (UWB)

22. 802.15.6 UWB Data rates • Impulse Radio (IR) DBPSK/DQPSK modulations On-Off signaling • FM (optional) FM-UWB data rate

23. Human Body Communication (HBC) Designed for exchanging data between devices by … touching

24. Human Body Communication (HBC) Exchange e-business cards via handshake e-Payment via touch screen The electrode in contact with the body is used for transmitting or receiving an electrical signal through the body to a device (e.g. smartphone) HBC uses 21MHz band

25. MAC Features Supports Quality of Service (QoS) Supports MICS band communication support Supports Emergency Communications Supports hub to node as well as hub to node to node Strong Security Macroscopic and microscopic power management Coexistence and interference mitigation

26. MAC support of Priority BAN Priority field encoding User priority mapping

27. Medium Access • Four access methods are provided and can work separately or jointly: • Random access • Nodes use CSMA/CA or slotted Aloha in access phases specified by hub for contention-based transmissions • Contention is prioritized to differentiate 8 user priorities • Improvised access • Hub announces future transmission times via current frame’s MAC header • Hub sends polls or posts at announced times • Polls – enabling node to send data or management type frames • Posts – data or management type frames sent by hub to node • Scheduled access • Node and hub negotiate reserved time intervals via their connection request and connection assignment exchanges • These intervals are for uplink, downlink, or bilink contention-free transmissions of data/management type frames from node, hub, or node/hub, respectively • Unscheduled access • Best-effort version of scheduled access

28. Security • A self-contained, low-overhead, but strong security solution is provided: • Master key generation • through master key (MK) pre-shared association, unauthenticated association, public key hidden association, password-authenticated association, and display-authenticated association • Simple two-way handshake for MK pre-shared association; elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) based for key agreement • Temporal key creation/distribution • Pairwise temporal key (PTK) creation for unicast protection • Group temporal key (GTK) distribution for multicast/broadcast protection • Data authentication/encryption • AES-128 CCM for data authentication/encryption • Replay prevention • Low security overhead

29. Summary Standard defines 3 Physical Layers Defines a common MAC and Security Published in 2012