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Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler

Vegetation Ecology. Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler. Estimates of C storage as peat globally / in Europe. Great global C store 270-450 Pg, equals 1/5 – 1/3 of the soil C pool of the earth, and approximately half the amount of CO 2 -C as in the atmosphere

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Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler

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  1. Vegetation Ecology Wetlands and GHG – exchange Matthias Drösler

  2. Estimates of C storage as peat globally / in Europe • Great global C store • 270-450 Pg, equals 1/5 – 1/3 of the soil C pool of the earth, and approximately half the amount of CO2-C as in the atmosphere • mineral subsoil C store min ~ 10 Pg, Europe 1.6 Pg • live vegetation ~ 1 – 2.5 % of the total C storage, ~ 7 Pg European peat ~ 10-15% of the global C store in peat

  3. Peatland GHG-fluxes - characteristics • Spatial variability matters: • water table • vegetation type • management • peat characteristics • ….. • Peatland-Landscape composed by a small scale mosaic of parameter combinations => specific requirements for site selection, measurement techniques and upscaling approaches • Temporal variability matters: • interannual variability • time since restoration • Management schemes • Multiyear measurement programmes to support modeling processes

  4. Measurement techniques

  5. Vegetation Ecology Climate change mitigation via peatland management? Freising 5. – 6. Oktober 2007 DGMT Deutsche Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde e.V

  6. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  7. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  8. Climate change mitigation via peatland management

  9. Climate change mitigation via peatland management Carrot 1000 Grass Drained Typha Forest ] -1 500 Cropland yr C. acu. -2 Peatlands Donauried fens Restored Peenetal fen [C-equiv. m Net climate effect Fen mire Poland 0 C. pan. -500 0 500 1000 -500 -2 -1 C balance [g C m yr ]

  10. Effect of drainage and reflooding on radiative forcing present Global warming potential (kg CO2 equivalents *ha-1*yr-1) Negative effect Positive effect Augustin, unpubl.

  11. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  12. Thematic sessions • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • soil C-inventories lacking (Germany) • remote sensing of landuse pattern o.k. but no activity data for upscaling (landuse intensity, management) • peatland-GHG to be reported in the NIR • Kyoto: Germany Art. 3.4 forest management; Denmark Art 3.4, grassland corpland management on organic soisl

  13. Thematic sessions • session 1: GHG-exchange and climatic relevance of peatlands – balances and processes • session 2: scaling and inventories- requirements and methods • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation

  14. Thematic sessions • session 3: management – economic and political aspects of peatland management and conservation • conservation programmes in Germany include to very different extend climate proteccion within the goals for peatland managment and conservation • Mostly win-win situation (climate, water retention and species conservation) expected • Wise use and climate friendly management of peatlands pays back (alder, reed …)

  15. Obvious gaps in our knowledge • Few year round GHG budgets based on continuous measurements exist for peatlands (EU-review in progress; will be submitted end of Nov.) • Representation of different climate zones up to now only limited. • There is particular need for more data about GHG budgets of peatlands under particular land uses and management: a) bog: grassland, cropland, land abandoned after peat cut, restoration, forest chronosequences, N2O fluxes in general. b) fen: abandoned after harvest, restoration, CO2 fluxes in general. • There are insufficient data to characterize GHG-flux sensitivity from peatlands to weather variability, climate change and N-input. • The assessment of restoration effects on GHG-fluxes needs more measurement programs and process studies, to cover variability in time and space (water table effects, management, vegetation) • GHG-studies to be combined with policy and economy research to identify socioeconomic drivers of peatland management

  16. Climate change mitigation via peatland management German BMBF-funded project within the programme on climate mitigation: GHG-exchange at 6 sites across german peatland regions Partners: TUM (coordination) IÖW LBEG MPI ZALF associated via EU-TOK: University of Poznan Rzecin-site Map from Schopp-Guth (1999) 2004-10 2006-10 2006-10 2006-10 2006-10 2005 2006-10 1999/00 2006-10 2006

  17. Climate change mitigation via peatland management TUM-VegOek coordination MPI and TUM-VegOek policy advice IÖW macro-economics TUM-WDL farm level economy ZALF-BLF upscaling TUM-VegOek modeling MPI GHG in the soil profile TG5 & TG6 TUM-VegOek GHG-exchange TG1 & TG2 LBEG GHG-exchange TG3 & TG4 ZALF-AUG GHG-exchange

  18. climatic relevance of the GHG-exchange of German and Bavarian Peatlands total-Carbon in German peatlands min. 400 - 1000 Mio t C Bavaria min. 65 Mio t C(NIR 2004 and Byrne et al. 2004) potential emission to CO2 equals min. 1.5-times the annual total emissions of Germany (2002) or 3-times the bavarian total emissions estimates of the total GHG-balance of German peatlands are between 23 (Byrne et al. 2004) to 44 Mio t CO2- equiv. a-1 (Freibauer et al., in Vorb.). Bavarian part around 6.8 Mio t CO2-Äquiv. a-1 anthropogenic GHG-emissions from peatlands represent 2.3- 4.5% of German total emissions or around 8 % for Bavaria But still big uncertainties and data-gaps!

  19. Thanks for your attention

  20. wetland swamp non-peatforming fresh-water peatland marsh non-peatforming salt-water influenced bog (ombro- trophic) fen (minero- trophic) used natural used mire

  21. Klimaschutz - Moornutzungsstrategien • Management in wetlands • Goals • Agricultural Production • Forestry production • Bioernegy • Species conservation • Water retention • Carbon storage • Scenery, tourism • … • - Temporal aspects • cutting: decreasing frequencies with decreasing intensity • grazing: intensity gradient, species • fertilization: • water table: dynamics • restoration works • -Intensity • Spatial • small scale mosaic of different landuse regime • Manipulation of site conditions • Water table management (drainage, rewetting) • Restoration

  22. Global warming potential in 2005 and 2006

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