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9.3 European Claims in Muslim Regions

10.4.2. Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States. 10.5.5 Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government’s actions against Armenian citizens .

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9.3 European Claims in Muslim Regions

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  1. 10.4.2. Discuss the locations of the colonial rule of such nations as England, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States. 10.5.5 Discuss human rights violations and genocide, including the Ottoman government’s actions against Armenian citizens 9.3 European Claims in Muslim Regions

  2. Objective and Focus Question • How did European nations extend their power into Muslim regions of the world?

  3. I. Stresses in Muslim Regions • By the 1700s, all of the Muslim empires in decline. • Ottomans in Middle East • Safavids in Iran • Mughals in India • Corruption were wide-spread.

  4. II. Rise of Muslim Reform Movements • In northern Africa, UsmandanFodio led the struggle to reform Muslim practices • In the Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declared himself the Mahdi, a religious savior • In Arabia, the Wahhabi wanted to recapture purity and simplicity of Islam’s original teachings

  5. III. Problems for the Ottoman Empire • Ottoman Empire • Economic problems • corruption • Ethnic revolts.

  6. IV. European Pressure Increases • As the Ottoman Empire crumbled, Russia seized the Dardanelles in order to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. • Britain tried to stop Russia

  7. Question Check • 1. As the Ottoman empire crumbled, Russia plotted to seize the Bosporus and Dardanelles in order to • a. build a Berlin-to-Baghdad railway. • b. gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. • c. build a canal through Egypt. • d. gain control of the Red Sea.

  8. Answer • b. gain access to the Mediterranean Sea.

  9. V. Ottoman Efforts to Westernize • 1. Young men were sent to the West to study, they Western political ideas about democracy and equality. • 2. The reforms brought improved medical care and revitalized farming • 3. Several of the sultans, or rulers, of the Ottoman Turkish Empire rejected the reforms because they threatened their power.

  10. VI. Young Turks Demand Reform • 1. In 1908, the Young Turks overthrew the sultan but were unable to achieve their reforms because of WWI in 1914.

  11. VII. Armenian Genocide • The Muslim Turks accused Christian Armenians of supporting the Russian plans against the Ottoman empire. • 3. Over 25 years, between 600,000 and 1.5 million Armenians were killed

  12. VIII. Egypt Seeks to Modernize • A. Muhammad Ali Introduces Reforms • He is sometimes called the “father of modern Egypt” • 2. He made economic and farming reforms • 3. Ali built a well-trained, modern army.

  13. IX. Building the Suez Canal • Ali successors were not as successful • Loans were taken out by Ali successors to build the Suez Canal. • They were unable to pay back the loans and Britain eventually gained control of the canal. • Egypt Became a British Protectorate

  14. IV. Persia and the European Powers • Persia (Iran) faced several challenges in the 1800s. • It was an absolute monarch • Russian and Britain took over their oil fields • Persian nationalists were outraged and wanted them to leave

  15. The End

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