Personality,Relationship Strategies & Communication

1. Personality,Relationship Strategies & Communication Entrepreneurship Awareness Programme 06.09.2008

2. A. Need of the hour • Changing one’s attitude towards the world, others and ourselves in order to have harmonious relationship and existence. • Since each one’s personality is unique it needs modification to suit the environment where one lives. • Don’t expect the world or others to change – let the change start from you

3. Don’t wait for anything. Start today if you want to be successful in your life. The best contribution on can make to humanity is to improve oneself. Only the player with the initiative has the right to attack. • Action Plan – Times will change for the better when you change. So start taking initiatives whether it is at your work place or at your home. Initiatives are first step towards self-development.

4. B. Big Five Personality Dimensions 1. Conscientiousness – refers to people who are careful, dependable, and self-disciplined. 2. Emotional stability – characteristics include are poised, secure, and calm. 3. Openness to experience -- the extent that people are sensitive, flexible, creative, and curious. 4. Agreeableness – includes the traits of being courteous, good-natured, empathic, and caring. 5. Extroversion – characterizes people who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive. a. Introversion – opposite of extroversion – refers to people who are quiet, shy, and cautious. b. Introverts feel comfortable being alone, whereas extroverts do not.

5. C. Jung’s Psychological Types and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 1.Jung’s personality theory that identifies the way people prefer to perceive their environment as well as obtain and process information. 2. MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) – a personality test that measures how people focus their attention (extroversion vs. introversion), collect information (sensing vs. intuition), process and evaluate information (thinking vs. feeling), and orient themselves to the outer world (judging vs. perceiving). a. Sensing/Intuition b. Thinking/Feeling c. Judging/Perceiving 3. Effectiveness of the MBTI a. It does a reasonably good job of measuring Jung’s psychological types. b. There is indication of a person’s preferences or skills for particular occupations.

6. D. Other Personality Traits 1. Locus of control – refers to a generalized belief about the amount of control people have over their own lives. a. Internal locus of control – individuals who feel that they are very much in charge of their own destiny. b. External locus of control --those who think that events in their life are due to fate or luck.

7. 2. Self-monitoring – refers to an individual’s level of sensitivity and ability to adapt to situational cues. a. High self-monitors: adjust behavior quite easily and show little stability in other underlying personality traits; conversationalists, better organizational leaders, and better in boundary-spanning positions. b. Low self-monitors – more likely to reveal their moods and personal characteristics.

8. Personality Profiling Collated Scores • From the questionnaires you have filled in three parts pertaining to “Extrovert or Introvert”, “Emotional or Stable” and “Tough or Tender” you have arrived at the scores. Now put them in the collated form in the following three appropriate slides.

9. Collate all your results Extrovert or Introvert Sociability 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Impulsiveness 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Activity 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Assertiveness 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Risk-taking 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

10. Emotional or Stable: Anxiety 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Guilt 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Stress 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Inferiority 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Depression 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11. Tough or Tender Aggressiveness 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Thrill-seeking 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dogmatism 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ambitious 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Manipulation 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

12. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS • OBJECT RELATIONSHIP • PITY RELATIONSHIP • COLD WAR RELATIONSHIP

13. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS(contd) • VOLCANO RELATIONSHIP • SAFESIDE RELATIONSHIP • PATERNALISTIC RELATIONSHIP

14. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS(contd) • HEALTHY INTERDEPENDANT RELATIONSHIP P P A A C C

15. If you have to effect a change you should know yourself • Your brain is the vortex from where your personality and your life sustenance emanate. Hence understanding your brain in your thinking process will stand in good stead

16. Write True or false for the following: • The higher your IQ, the more flexible a thinker you are • We learn to think logically through formal schooling and education • Thinking is largely a matter of gathering enough information to make a decision • We can train ourselves to reason intelligently by studying subjects like math and logic • Educators, philosophers, and psychologists are more interested in thinking productively than are average people

17. A person who is usually logical is a good thinker • The greatest need for reasoning occurs when a problem calls for a solution • Complex situations usually require more time to reason things out than do simple ones. • Thinking needn’t always be directed toward a target or an action goal. • Good ideas will come to mind if one relaxes and allows thoughts to flow naturally.

18. Scoring To tally your score, give yourself 1 point for each “False” response. A score of 8-10 points: you have a good grasp of how the thinking process works, and how best to harness the power of your brain. A score of 4-7 points: you have an average level of knowledge regarding the way the human brain functions, but could stand to learn more. A score of 0-3 points: You have much to learn about the way the thinking process works.

22. The more intelligent you are, the more you’ll tend to use your mind to defend a position rather than to explore it. This is likely to make you less flexible than someone with a lower IQ. Dr. Edward DeBono calls this “intelligence trap,” and people with a high IQ must guard against this tendency. • Schools, for the most part, tend to be databases of facts. They convey the notion that facts are to be stored until needed. They teach what to think, but not how to think.

23. Most decisions are based on an average of only 30% of all information that’s available on a given subject. Hence, in decision making and thought in general, reasoning and judgment fill in for an inevitable lack of total information. • Subjects like math have their own rules – they are closed systems. There’s no evidence that learning the rules of a closed system benefits reasoning in an open one. Therefore, you should not turn to these subjects in order to learn thinking as a skill. Rather, you must deliberately focus on thinking as a separate activity without conflating it with a particular subject matter.

24. Studies find that business people tend to be the most interested in thinking, because they are under constant pressure to produce greater profits. There are exceptions, of course, but generally speaking, people who are results-oriented are interested in thinking, because thought precedes constructive action • Logic is the second stage of thinking. The first stage is perception – the way you see a situation. No matter how good your logic, if your perception is biased by subjective factors, your conclusion will be inaccurate.

26. Being a problem solver is important, but it’s only one type of mental activity. Sticking to this format alone deprives one of exploring new ideas, which could lead to more valuable and far-reaching generalization • Complex situations need not require more time to solve than simpler problems. What often slows us down is worrying about coming to a decision quickly. Worry can hinder your ability to think through problems in a focused and efficient manner.

27. To be most productive, all human effort, including thinking, should focus on a purpose, even if that purpose is simply to plan for future happiness or to have fun. • Relaxation occasionally yields good ideas but generally it is a way to avoid thinking. A small amount of tension actually sharpens cognition. Dr. DeBono has suggested that the best way to think is to focus on one aspect of a particular situation at a time, without concern about making a good decision. But breaking the task into smaller, more manageable steps, you avoid feeling overwhelmed. It should then be easier to put it all together in the end.

28. A short film on Eye of the Beholder • Questionnaire on The Eye of the Beholder • Against every question given below you are asked to answer with 5 (completely true), 4 (somewhat true), 3 (neutral or not relevant), 2 (somewhat incorrect), or 1 (incorrect): • __________ a. Michael Gerrard is admired by the people who really know him well. • __________ b. The cabdriver came very close to provoking violence in Gerrard. • __________ c. The landlord sees Gerrard’s personality quite accurately, even though the landlord in untactful. • __________ d. Gerrard knows quite a bit about the profession of an artist, judging from his mannerisms and conversation. • __________ e. Gerrard’s behaviour in the story would indicate that he is a well- adjusted man • __________ f. Gerrard is a moody and unpredictable person • __________ g. If the girl in the nightclub had known more about Gerrard, she would not have consented to work for him as a model. • __________ h. In view of Gerrard’s behaviour, similar questions should be developed about it.

29. Communication • The day today communication you have with human beings, whether at home or outside, should be well with the understanding of the perceptive arena. Once you know the perception of people of the so called ‘reality’ then your communication with them will fall in line with appropriate feedback eliminating ambiguity. Use your emotions to the maximum benefit of ironing out issues, not settling scores with others. Transactional Analysis can be a better tool to understand communication.

30. Only God is perfect. So do not wait for perfection in everything; you might waste your time. Right or wrong, take your decision and forge ahead, because you are in a fast moving world.

31. WAITING FOR THE PERFECT MAN