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Lecture No. 1

Lecture No. 1. Computer Logic Design. About the Course. Title: Computer Logic Design Pre-requisites: None Required for future courses: Computer Organization & Architecture Assembly Language Operating System. About the Course Textbooks. Logic & Computer Design Fundamentals

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Lecture No. 1

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  1. Lecture No. 1 Computer Logic Design

  2. About the Course Title: • Computer Logic Design • Pre-requisites: • None • Required for future courses: • Computer Organization & Architecture • Assembly Language • Operating System

  3. About the Course Textbooks Logic & Computer Design Fundamentals (Second Edition Updated; Third Indian Reprint 2003) ISBN: 81-7808-334-5 M. Morris Mano & Charles R. Kime Digital Fundamentals (Eighth Edition; First Indian Reprint 2003) ISBN: 81-7808-876-2 Thomas L. Floyd

  4. Why Study It? • you want to be a computer scientist • it makes you a better programmer • performance: programming is more than just getting the answer • it's fun to learn how things work • you may need to buy a computer someday

  5. More about the Course • Core-course • Foundation for advanced courses • Advanced Digital Design • Computer Architecture • Foundation for a career track • Area for advanced design and learning • System on Chip (SoC) • Active research area, • A profession, highly in demand in the industry • Offshoots into logic synthesis, design verification, product and test engineering • In short: An opportunity!! Make the best of it!!

  6. Course Content • Analog & Digital World • Number Systems • Boolean Algebra & Logic Circuits • Logic gates • Logic minimization • Combinational Logic • Memory-less circuits • De/mux, de/encoders, shifters, adder, multiplier • Sequential Logic • Latches, flip-flops • Registers & Counters • State Machine Design • Semiconductor Technologies (Switch & CMOS design)

  7. Course Content • Memory Systems • Register • RAM • ROM • Caches • Programmable Logic Devices • FPGA • PLA • PAL • Instruction Set Architecture • Register Transfers and Datapaths • Sequencing & Control

  8. Introduction

  9. system input output Introduction • The course is about the design and Implementation of Digital Systems • What is a digital system • A system is an entity that responds to an input • The output is a modified form of the input

  10. Image Introduction • A simple electronic circuit • The camera

  11. Identified Introduction • The speech recognition system • Calculators • Computer • Audio CD Player • Mobile Phones • Radar Detection System • Speech/Image Recognition System • Industrial Control Systems, etc.

  12. Introduction • Digital Systems • The input and output of the system are digital signals • It is important to know about digital signals • Intensity of light • time • distance

  13. Analog World Most things in nature: • Continuous Values • Temperature • Speed • Intensity of Light • Distance • Colors

  14. Digital World • Discrete set of values • Typically, achieved through sampling of analog quantities • Coded representation of values

  15. Digital World (cont) • Widespread usage • Computers and internet driving world economy • Internet doubles in size every year • Moore’s law: processors double in speed every 18 months • Latest processors have millions of transistors and run billions of cycles per sec • More traditional analog systems migrating to digital. Why?

  16. Independentvariable Analog Signal • value of signal exists at any instant of time • signal may take any value along the vertical axis • occurs in continuous form

  17. Analog Signal • Sampled analog signal Independentvariable

  18. Independentvariable Digitized Signal • The value of signal only exists at discrete points in time • The reconstructed signal has sharp edges and corners in contrast to the original signal which has smooth curves

  19. Under-sampled Digitized Signal • Number of sample points reduced by half • Loss of information occurs • What about over-sampling? Independentvariable

  20. The Digital Advantage • Digital data can be processed and transmitted • more efficiently than analog data • More reliable than analog data • Digital data has a great advantage when storage is necessary e.g. • Music when converted to digital form can be • stored more compactly • reproduce with great accuracy and clarity than analog • Noise does not affect digital data nearly as much as it does analog signals.

  21. Representation of Quantities • Analog Systems • Use and work with voltages or signals that are continuous • Digital Systems • Discrete values but how many? • The whole basis of digital electronics is based on the simplicity of the “on/off” or “0/1” model • All quantities and values must be coded into this bi-level set of “0”s and “1”s • All storage and transmission of values in a digital system occurs using these two binary digits (bits).

  22. Lecture # 1 (Review) • Analog • Continuous values • Digital • Discrete set of values • Advantages of digital over analog • Can be processed and transmitted more efficiently and reliably • Take less space • Noise does not effect

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