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Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions. Observing Chemical Reactions. Evidence: The colour changes Bubbles A gas is produced The mixture gets hotter (EXOTHERMIC) or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two aqueous solutions. Observing Chemical Reactions. Evidence:

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Chemical Reactions

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  1. Chemical Reactions

  2. Observing Chemical Reactions Evidence: • The colour changes • Bubbles A gas is produced • The mixture gets hotter(EXOTHERMIC) or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two aqueous solutions

  3. Observing Chemical Reactions Evidence: • The colour changes • Bubbles A gas is produced • The mixture gets hotter(EXOTHERMIC) or colder (ENDOTHERMIC) 4) A solid (PRECIPITATE) forms from two aqueous solutions Dissolved in water

  4. Demo’s What evidence is there that a chemical reaction has occurred?

  5. Representing Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction, one or more substances change to produce new substances. • The starting materials are called REACTANTS and the materials you finish with are called the PRODUCTS. • A plus + sign is used between a list of different reactants and products. • An arrow  is used between the reactants and products to show that the reactants get turned into the products.

  6. Word Equations A word equation describes a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products. Examples: Hydrogen + Oxygen  water Acetylene + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water

  7. Word Equations A word equation describes a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products. Examples: Hydrogen + Oxygen  water Acetylene + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water Reactants Products Reactants Products

  8. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. 1) Aluminum metal combines with chlorine gas to make aluminum chloride.

  9. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. • Aluminummetal combines with chlorine gas to make aluminumchloride. aluminum + chlorine  aluminum chloride

  10. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. 2) Magnesium metal combines with nitrogen gas to make magnesium nitride.

  11. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. 2) Magnesium metal combines with nitrogen gas to make magnesium nitride. magnesium + nitrogen  magnesium nitride

  12. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. 3) Calcium chloride and sodium sulfide solutions are mixed. A precipitate of calcium sulfide and sodium chloride solution is made.

  13. Practice Write word equations for the following descriptions. Underline the Reactants and Circle the Products in each. • Calcium chloride and sodium sulfide solutions are mixed. A precipitate of calcium sulfide and sodium chloride solution is made. Calcium chloride + sodium sulfide  calcium sulfide + sodium chloride

  14. Chemical Equations A chemical equation is a short hand way of representing a chemical change in which chemical formulas are used for the reactants and products.

  15. States for Substances The states for the substances may be included using the following symbols:

  16. Examples H2(g) + O2(g) H2O (l) C2H2(g)+ O2(g) CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

  17. Reminders • Don’t forget the diatomic elements: Hydrogen H2 Fluorine F2 Oxygen O2 Chlorine Cl2 Nitrogen N2 Bromine Br2 Iodine I2 Don’t forget to criss-crossthe numbers in the ions to make the subscripts in the compounds.

  18. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 1) sodium + chlorine  sodium chloride

  19. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: • sodium + chlorine  sodium chloride Na+Cl- diatomic

  20. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: • sodium + chlorine  sodium chloride Na+Cl- Na + Cl2 NaCl diatomic

  21. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 2) fluorine + calcium bromide  bromine + calcium fluoride

  22. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 2) fluorine + calcium bromide  bromine + calcium fluoride diatomic diatomic

  23. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 2) fluorine + calcium bromide  bromine + calcium fluoride Ca2+ Br- Ca2+ F- diatomic diatomic

  24. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 2) fluorine + calcium bromide  bromine + calcium fluoride F2 + CaBr2 Br2 + CaF2 Ca2+ Br- Ca2+ F- diatomic diatomic

  25. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide

  26. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide Ba2+ S2- K+ I- Ba2+ I- K+ S2-

  27. Examples Translate the following word equations into chemical equations: 3) barium sulfide + potassium iodide barium iodide + potassium sulfide BaS + KI  BaI2 + K2S Ba2+ S2- K+ I- Ba2+ I- K+ S2-

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