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Ch. 16 – Expanding West Texas Gaining Independence & Becoming a State

Ch. 16 – Expanding West Texas Gaining Independence & Becoming a State. 16.2 – 16.3 US History. Recap: 16.1 Cornell Notes. Life in Northern New Spain California Californios Missions Tejanos The Mexican War for Independence An Independent Mexico. 16.2 Key Questions.

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Ch. 16 – Expanding West Texas Gaining Independence & Becoming a State

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  1. Ch. 16 – Expanding WestTexas Gaining Independence & Becoming a State 16.2 – 16.3 US History

  2. Recap: 16.1 Cornell Notes • Life in Northern New Spain • California • Californios • Missions • Tejanos • The Mexican War for Independence • An Independent Mexico

  3. 16.2 Key Questions • Why did Mexico allow the first American settlers into Texas, and what conditions did the Mexican government establish? • Why did many Texans choose to rebel against Mexico? • What events led Texas to win its independence from Mexico?

  4. American Settlers Welcome • 1821 – Mexican government welcomed American settlers to Texas • Mexican citizens, obey Mexican laws, & support the Roman Catholic Church • Most settlers came from southern states • “GTT” – Gone to Texas signs • Empresarios – agents contracted by Mexico to bring settlers to Texas • Empresarios received land in exchange Why would Texas welcome settlers to Texas? Can you see any problems With this idea?

  5. Stephen F. Austin • Empresario - Led settlers to Texas • The first 300 families he brought became known as the “Old Three Hundred.” • Families could receive 640 acres, with an extra 320 acres for each child. • Many families brought slaves with them • He tried to keep peace between Mexico & American settlers

  6. Conflict in Texas:American Point of View • US settlers ignored Mexican law • Not interested in becoming Mexican citizens • Texans – Americans & tejanos – thought Texas was underrepresented in Mexican government • Wanted the Mexican Constitution of 1824 to be strictly enforced (limiting the central gov.) • Too much power given to appointed officials rather than elected representatives

  7. Conflict in Texas:Mexico’s Point of View Which side has a better argument? • Mexican officials said Texas didn’t show respect for authority • Americans outnumbered tejanos • Americans weren’t following laws • Slavery was outlawed but people brought slaves • Mexican government restricted American immigration and enforce ban on slavery, raising tariffs on US goods, sent soldiers to enforce Mexican authority

  8. Stephen F. Austin tried to maintain peace between Texas & Mexico Austin was thrown in jail when petitioning the Mexican president for more self-government in Texas Austin was released after a year and said: “War is our only recourse (option). There is no other remedy. We must defend our rights, ourselves, & our country by force of arms.” Negotiations??

  9. Texas War for IndependenceorTexas Revolution • October 1835 – first battle • Mexico: General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • Texans made a temporary government & pledged to overthrown Santa Anna • No official Texas army – only volunteers

  10. BATTLE OF THE ALAMO • November 1835 • Texan army captured towns of Goliad & San Antonio • The Alamo (an old Franciscan mission) was occupied by Texans • Santa Anna became outraged and marched to San Antonio

  11. Battle of the Alamo • Santa Anna arrived at the Alamo with 3,000 soldiers on Feb. 23, 1836 • Only 189 Texan troops • Santa Anna surrounded it for 13 days • Mexican army attacked - March 6, 1836 • Mexican army won • “Remember the Alamo” Why do you think Texans Used the phrase, “Remember the Alamo?”

  12. The Battle of the AlamoMarch 6,1836

  13. Battle of Goliad • Mexican forces move to Goliad • Texans outnumbered & surrender • Texas Commander Fannin & almost 400 soldiers were charged with treason & executed by Santa Anna • Outraged Texans

  14. Convention of 1836 • Texan leaders met to declare independence (prior to Alamo) • Created a Texas Constitution • Modeled on the United States • Legalized slavery

  15. Battle of San Jacinto • Sam Houston, commander in chief of new Texas army, fought Santa Anna • Houston’s troops were outnumbered & untrained • Santa Anna carelessly chose a bad site for his camp • April 21, 1836 – Houston’s army attacked & won the war

  16. Texas Becomes a Republic • Santa Anna was forced to recognize the independence of Texas in a treaty & was released to return to Mexico City • Santa Anna was then thrown out of power by angry Mexican citizens • Many Mexicans did not accept that Texas had become an independent country

  17. 16.3 The Lone Star Republic

  18. 16.3 Outline • Why did Texas not immediately become part of the US? • New immigrants and people already living there • Issues in Texas

  19. The Republic of Texas • Sam Houston elected president • Capital – Houston • The US, France, & Great Britain all recognized Texas as independent, but not Mexico

  20. Annexation? • President Jackson – didn’t want to annex (take control of) Texas • Concerned about balance between slave & free states • Did not want war with Mexico • Recognized Texas as an independent nation in 1837 • President Buren made no changes • President Polk makes changes

  21. People • Native Americans – President Houston was friendly, but President Lamar forced them out • Tejanos – unfair treatment by American settlers, even though supported war • Still maintained a presence

  22. US Settlers 100,000 new residents 1836-1845 Panic of 1837 European 1840s Germany Farming communities Slave Issue 1847 – 40,000 slaves Law passed banning free African Americans in Texas New Immigrants

  23. Problems in the Republic • Economic, military, & social issues • Economic: Small towns & slow travel; based on agriculture (no manufacturing); high public debt • Military: large & hard to defend; Texas Rangers to guard frontier • Social: slavery, different people

  24. Pres. Lamar in 1841 attacked New Mexico so Santa Anna recaptured San Antonio • President Houston returned to presidency & ended fighting with a peace agreement in 1844

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