3/19

1. 3/19 • Pick up paper and graded work. • Turn in your chicken wing lab. • Reminders: • TEST ON TUESDAY OVER ALL BODY SYSTEMS • Make-Up Chicken Wing Dissection today after school or tomorrow afterschool with me • Warm up question: • What body systems are involved if you’re breathing heavily while exercising? • Explain the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system.

2. After the quiz…. • Get out a blank sheet of paper and set it up as shown below. Summarize your notes to fill in the information.

3. Animal Systems: DEFENSE Integumentary, Immune and Lymphatic Systems

4. DEFENSE How do the integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems work together to defend the body? These systems work to protect the body from pathogens. The integumentary system (skin) is the first barrier against infection, and any invading pathogens are destroyed and removed via the immune andlymphatic systems.

5. Integumentary System • Integument – Latin “to cover”

6. Functions of the Integumentary System • Purpose: • Protection : • Protectsdeeper tissues (organs) • Blocks UV radiation • Prevents infectious agents from entering the body • Aids in temperature regulation (sweat or shiver)

7. Functions of the Integumentary System cont. • Prevents dehydration • Produces Vitamin D– from sunlight • Vitamin D increases absorption of calcium for healthy bones • Aids in excretion of wastes (salts) • Sensory organ (heat, cold, pressure and pain receptors)

8. Parts of the System: • Skin is composed of three layers: • Epidermis – outer layer, site of rapid cell division (mitosis), production of keratin and melanin. • Melanocytes – give skin pigmentation and protect from UV rays • http://youtu.be/ClynhFKMs3c • Dermis – inner layer, contains major structures of skin • Collagen, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles • Subcutaneous fat– adipose tissue, provides insulation for body

9. Evolutionary Trends of Integumentary System Complex Simple

10. Integumentary SystemLevels of Organization Epithelial Cells (skin cells) Epidermis, Dermis Skin Integumentary

11. Fun Fact: Believe it or not, the integumentary system is the largestorgan system and your skinis the largest organ in your body.

12. Interaction with Other Body Systems • Skin is the first line of defense in the immune system response. • The circulatory system and skin regulate body temperature. • Skin and the excretory system excrete water, urea, salts, and other wastes through sweat. • Receptors of the nervous system are located in skin.

13. Dear 16-Year-Old Me http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4jgUcxMezM

14. Lymphatic System • Purpose: • Collects fluid lost by the blood during movement of nutrients into body tissues and returns it back to the circulatory system. • Plays a role in the immune system by producing, storing and circulating white blood cells. • Network of vessels and associated organs: • 1. lymph– fluid in lymph vessels • 2. lymph vessels – move the lymph • throughout the body • 3. lymph nodes - densely packed • areas of tissue that filter the lymph; • white blood cells are stored in them

15. 4. Tonsils, thymus and spleen are all composed of lymphoid tissue • tonsils – filter and destroy bacteria • thymus – produces hormones that aid in maturation of T-cells; T-cells • recognize foreign pathogens • spleen – removes worn-out red • blood cells from circulatory system; • contains white blood cells that • engulf and destroy bacteria.

16. To review: The lymphatic system removes fluid from around cells and returns it to the blood. When this fluid passes through the lymph nodes white blood cells attack and kill any pathogens.

17. Interactions with other Body Systems • Lymphatic system works with the circulatorysystem to maintain homeostasis of body fluids. • Lymphatic system plays a role in the immune system by producing white blood cells and destroying pathogens within lymph nodes and spleen. • The excretory system excretes excess fluids.

18. 3/20 • Get out Notes Packet Part 2 • Pick up papers • Reminder: TEST ON TUESDAY(all systems) • Yes, I do have your quizzes graded and will let you know your grade during class today.

19. What is happening in the diagram?

20. Vitamin-D Production and Metabolism • Basically, UV light triggers a change of a cholesterol-related molecule in the membrane of skin cells. The vitamin D that is created is then released from the membrane into our circulatory system, where it travels to the liver. In this organ, it is transformed into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (big fancy molecule) • The kidney, as well as some other tissues, further convert this into 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, which is also called calcitrol. Calcitrol together with parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulates blood calcium levels and, in turn, bone density. • Calcitroltargets the intestine, where it promotes calcium absorption; and bone, where it starts calcium release to help restore depleted blood calcium levels.

21. THINK-PAIR-SHARE

22. Think-Pair-Share

23. Immune System Purpose:The immune system protects the body from disease by producing specialized cells that inactivate or destroypathogens.

24. Parts of the System - consists of specialized cells and organs that respond to the presence of a pathogen • skin – body’s first line of defense (also part of integumentary system) • white blood cells– recognize disease agents (antigens) and create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens. Macrophagesare the white blood cell type that actually eat and destroy these antigens. Macrophage of a mouse stretching its “arms” (pseudopodia) to engulf 2 pathogens

25. How the Immune System works: • 1. First line of defense (pathogen does not enter body) • Skin & other non-specific defenses such as mucous, saliva, and tears trap and destroy pathogens.

26. 2. Second lineof defense (pathogen enters body) • If pathogen does enter the body, this triggers theinflammatoryresponse – Tissue becomes swollen and painful due to white blood cell accumulation.

27. Chemicals are released by immune system to cause fever (increased body temperature); increased temperature can kill some bacteria and viruses. • White blood cells called macrophages engulf and destroy pathogens.

28. Antigen binding sites • 3. Third line of defense (pathogen gets past first and second line of defense) • Immune response • 1. Triggered by an antigen;virus, bacteria or other pathogen. • 2. T cells and B cellsrecognize the • specific pathogen and produce • antibodies that will help destroy • the invader and protect us the next • time it enters the body. This process • is called immunity. • 3. The reaction to a second infection by • the same pathogen is much faster. Antigen Antibody

29. Lymph & Immune SystemLevels of Organization White Blood Cells, B-cells, T-cells, macrophages Lymph nodes, bone marrow Spleen, Liver Lymph and Immune

30. **H.I.V. is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome. It attacks a special T cell known as a helper T cell. **Penicillin and other antibiotics can also be used to help the immune system, but it is important to remember that antibiotics only kill bacteria! **Vaccines work by mimicking the body’s natural immune response. A small amount of the specially treated virus, bacterium or toxin (vaccine) is injected into the body. The body then makes antibodies. If a vaccinated person is exposed to the actual virus, bacterium or toxin, they won’t get sick.

31. Interactions with other Body Systems • Skin of the integumentarysystem is the first line of defense of the immune system. • The circulatory system transports immune cells around the body. • Bones of the skeletal system produce lymphocytes and macrophages.