American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED For Schools & the Community

1. American Red CrossFirst Aid/CPR/AEDFor Schools & the Community Lay Responder (non-professional)

2. Deciding to Act • Consent to give first aid • Actual consent- • Implied consent-

3. Good Samaritan Law Article • How many states have enacted this law? • Why was it DEVELOPED? • What does the law protect you from? • What doesn’t the law protect you from? • List the 5 things you must do so the law will protect you?

4. Do No Further Harm Article • List the 3 reasons you would have to move an injured victim? • What should you AVOID when you are moving an injured victim? • What is the proper technique called to move an unconscious or severely injured victim.

5. Universal Precautions p. 711 • Universal Precautions- • 1. • 2. • 3. • Follow any situation with possible contact with blood and other bodily fluids.

6. Emergency Action Principles • Check • Scene • Safe? • Clues • # of victims • Bystanders to help • Victim • Injuries • Life threatening conditions • Unconscious • Trouble breathing • Chest pain or pressure • No pulse • Bleeding severely

7. Call • 911 or local emergency # for ambulance & get an AED if available • Give • Exact location • Telephone # • What happened • # and condition of victims • What help is being given • DON’T HANG UP TILL DISPATCHER DOES!

8. Care for victim • Life threatening injuries 1st • Less severe • Help victim stay calm, relaxed

9. Checking Conscious Adult • State your name, certifications,obtain consent and ask what happened. • Check for life threatening injuries, from head to toe. (A,B,C,S) • Do not ask the victim to move and do not move the victim. • Look for a medical alert tag and ask questions. • Call 911 or have someone call if serious.

10. Position Terms: • Supine - On their back • Prone- Face down • Recovery- On the side( roll as one unit, no twisting.

11. Checking Unconscious Adult See text pg 723 1. Check the scene 2. Tap & Shout“Are you alright?” 3. “Go call 911.” & get AED 4. Check for Signs of Life (A, B, C’ S) • Open airway Head Tilt Chin Lift (tilt head back, lift chin) listen for breathing no more than 10sec. • If suspect back, neck or head injury Do not Tilt Neck • Breathing: recovery position

12. Choking Terms P.725 • Partial Airway Obstruction- when a victim can partially move air to and from the lungs, cough, & speak. • Complete Airway Obstruction- When a victim can no longer speak, cough, breath. • Universal distress Signal-

13. Conscious Choking Adult ( Breathing Emergencies) • 1. GET CONSENT • 2. Give 5 Back Blows • 3. Give 5 Abdominal thrusts • 4. Alternate until choking stops or they become unconscious. • Stand behind victim • Find belly button • Make fist with other hand • Place thumb side of fist against middle of victims abdomen (just above belly button) • Grab fist with other hand • Quick upward thrusts • CONTINUE UNTIL- object is up, victim can breath, coughs on own, or victim becomes unconscious * Chest Thrusts- obese, pregnant females

14. If you are alone & Choking • Give yourself abdominal Thrusts • Use the back of a tall chair to perform the thrusts for you. • Call 911 from a land line phone( they will trace call)

15. Unconscious Choking Adult -Find hand position 5. 30 chest compressions ( at least 2in. Deep)) 6. 2 rescue breaths 7. If don’t go in continue RE-TILT & TRY AGAIN 8. Continue with 30 compressions 9. Look for object - if you see one remove it 10. 2 more breaths 11. Continue with cycles

16. How to Give A Rescue Breath • 1. Head Tilt Chin Lift (open airway) and pinch nose. • 2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each breath should last 1 sec.) • 3. Watch the chest rise • Gastric Distention- when you ventilate( breath) too hard and the air skips the lungs and goes into the stomach.

17. Unconscious Choking Adult • Stop cycles if • Object removed • Chest rises with rescue breaths • Check for signs of circulation • If none continue with compressions and breaths • Victim starts breathing on own • EMS arrives & takes over • Someone else takes over • If you are too exhausted to continue After 5 Cycles Re-check for SIGNS OF LIFE

18. If you DO NOT know they are choking After the first set of rescue breathes for an ADULT & the breaths DO NOT go in -YOU REPOSITION & TRY THE BREATHS AGAIN!

19. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) • See text pg 734 • No Signs of Life, No AED, Unconscious • Adult- 12 years or older • Place yourself midway between the head & chest (kneeling)

20. CPR • 1. Give 30 Chest Compressions • 1 1/2 -2 inches deep • Takes about 18 sec (rate of approx 100 per min) • 2. Give 2 rescue breaths • Lasts about 1 sec each • Continue sets of 30 compressions & 2 breaths for 2mins or 5 cycles then re-check for signs of life. • Once CPR is started continue until • See signs of life • Scene is unsafe • AED available • Too exhausted • Someone takes over

21. Cardiac Chain of Survival • 4 links 1. Early recognition and access to emergency system • call 911 2. Early CPR - keeps blood and oxygen flow to organs, prevents brain damage and death 3. Early Defibrillation - Automated External Defibrillator (AED) - Electronic shock to heart 4. Early Advanced Life support - Paramedics

22. Automated External Defibrillator (AED) • Child (1-8 or less than 55lbs) pediatric pads • Do not use on metal, water • Cell phone at least 6ft. away • Can use with a pace maker • Remove clothing on chest & wipe chest • Remove nitroglycerin pads • AED will talk you through procedures **FOR EVRY MINUTE THE AED IS NOT IN USE IT DECREASES THE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL BY 10%

23. Recognizing a heart attack p.739 • Heart Attack- death of cardiac muscle to the heart due to a blockage • Signs ( most people ignore or deny) • Chest discomfort or pain (may spread to other body areas) • Sweating • Nausea • Shortness of breath • General ill feeling • Deaths are reduced by recognizing early symptoms of heart attack

24. Cardiac Arrest • Cardiac Arrest- when the heart stops following a heart attack/blockage Sudden Cardiac Arrest- is when the heart stops beating suddenly & unexpectedly, when this happens bloods stop flowing to all vital organs • Respiratory Arrest- when breathing stops Each year there are approx. 300,000 cardiac arrests outside of the hospital. 2000 of those occur under the age of 25 & lead to premature death.

25. Clinical & Biological Death The best chance of survival is within the first 4 mins. • Clinical Death- after breathing & circulation have stopped you have 4-6 minutes of stored oxygen before your cells begin to die. • Biological Death- after 10 minutes, brain activity stops.

26. Injuries • Check • Scene • Victim • Life threatening • Head to toe • Call 911 • Care • Give care until help arrives

27. Injuries • Types • Wounds/ Burns (Soft Tissue) • Muscle, Bone, & Joint

28. Muscles, Bones, & Joints pg. 716 • Muscles • Strain: tearing or stretching of muscles or tendons • Tendons- strong fibers that attach muscle to bone • Bones • Fracture: a break, chip, or crack in a bone • Types: • Open (compound) • Closed (simple) • Deformity, snap, and pain may be present

29. Muscles, Bones, & Joints • Joints • Sprain: tearing of ligaments at a joint • Wrist, knee, ankle, & finger • Ligaments- strong, tough, soft tissue bands that attach bone to bone • Dislocation: the movement of a bone out of its position in the joint. Usually caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in place. • Finger • Apply ice, immobilize and go to doctor • **** Do not try to pull it out

30. Muscles, Bones, & Joints • Signs of severe injury: • Can not move or use body part • A snap or a pop is heard • Bone is visible • Significant bruising, swelling, or deformity

31. Care for Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries • R- Rest • I- Immobilization • C- Cold Apply ice for up to 72 hours • 20 min on 20 min off • E- Elevate ** Keep part immobile, if have to move victim, 1st splint injury. Do not elevate a severe injury unless it has been splinted

32. Immobilizing Muscle, Bone & Joint Injuries • Splint: • Types • Anatomical- Splinting an uninjured body part to an injured body part. • Ex’s- • Soft- • Ex’s- • Rigid- • Ex’s-

33. Guidelines to Splinting • Only if victim must be moved • Only if you can do without causing more pain • Splint in position you found it • Splint above and below site of injury • Check for proper circulation before and after splinting (feeling, warmth, & color)

34. Steps to Splinting 1.Support injured area 2.Check circulation 3.Place splint 4.Tie splint in place 5.Recheck circulation

35. Care for Wounds (External Bleeding) Pg. 740 • Minor Wounds • Cleaned & covered • Open Wounds • Control bleeding • Prevent infection • Clean & cover • Closed Wounds • Apply cold • Major Wounds • Call “911” and control bleeding

36. Wounds 740 • Bruise • Incision • Laceration • Abrasion • Avulsion • Puncture Infection-

37. Bleeding • Use Latex Gloves • Arterial- bright red (oxygenated) • Venous- darker blood ** Approximately 2 pint per 25 pounds

38. Clues to Internal Bleeding • Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body • Cool, moist, pale or bluish skin • Vomiting or coughing up blood • Excessive thirst • Confused, faint, drowsy, or unconscious ** Serious Internal Bleeding- Call “911” immediately

39. Control Bleeding Pg. 742 • Cover with a dressing and press firmly using Direct Pressure • Elevate Injury 3. If bleeding doesn’t stop • Add additional dressings over top

40. Shock (see text pg 733) • Circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body • Life threatening condition • Types • Insulin • Traumatic (sudden injury) • Anaphylactic (sting, medication, seafood etc.)

41. Shock • Signals of Traumatic Shock • Restlessness or irritability • Altered consciousness • Pale, cool, moist skin • Looks disoriented • Rapid breathing • Rapid pulse • Dilated pupils

42. Caring for Shock • Lie down and rest • Control external bleeding • Maintain normal body temp • Elevate legs if injuries allow • Only water at room temperature • Make sure advanced help is on the way

43. Seizure P. 712 • Seizure • Do not hold or restrain victim • Do not place anything in their mouth ( unless trained) • Remove objects that may cause injury • Cushion head/place something under head

44. Sudden Illness Pg. 712 • Stroke • Diabetic Emergency • Help victim remain calm & get medication • Poisoning/ Allergic Reactions • Call 911 & Poison Control #

45. Caring for Sudden Illnesses • Care for life threatening conditions • Have victim rest in comfortable position • Keep from getting chilled or over heated • No food or water • Reassure victim • Send someone to meet EMS • Ask about medical conditions & medications • Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock • Watch for changes in consciousness or breathing