Composition

1. Renaissance Word Splash Medicine Proportion Composition Unity Literature Form Balance sociology economies

2. Renaissance means Rebirth. • Medicine • Economies • Technology • Art • Science • Philosophy • Literature • Music

3. Period of light after 1000 years of darkness. • RE-birth • RE-discovery of Greek & Latin texts • RE-consideration of accepted beliefs • RE-direction of energies - away from strictly religious thought

4. Period of Rebirth → Renaissance • ~1300: clocks constructed • 1348: Black Death weakens faith in God • 14th C Italian artists begin to paint using depth perception • 1453: Constantinople falls to Turks; Greek Christians take their knowledge to Europe. • 1455: Gutenberg prints first book, the Bible • 1492: Europe discovers the Americas • 1517: Martin Luther begins Protestant Reformation. • 1520: Copernicus discovers that the Earth rotates around the sun…

5. Medicine • Anatomical drawing of dead bodies was allowed again and helped doctors cure people.

6. Da Vinci’s Drawing of a Foetus This is a drawing of a foetus by Leonardo Da Vinci. This was drawn after the careful dissection and observation of a women who died while pregnant. The important thing to note is the stunning accuracy and detail.

7. Technology • Longitude was discovered during the Renaissance. • The clock became highly accurate allowing people to navigate correctly on long ocean voyages.

8. Economy • In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue, for Money… • Long ocean voyages allowed global exploration to be accurate and spurned economic trade worldwide.

10. Renaissance Art • Artists experiment with light, depth, shade, color, beauty of form • Goal: to capture the human form

11. See the Difference?

12. Michelangelo’s Work

13. Botticelli • Florentine - depicted natural detail in “The Birth of Venus”

14. da Vinci’s Work

16. Donatello • Sculpted first nude since antiquity

18. Renaissance: 1498 Leonardo da Vinci The Last Supper 1498 - 460 x 880 cm (15 x 29 ft.)

19. Late Renaissance Artists • Raphael

20. See the Difference?

21. Science Science ?

22. Nicholas Copernicus1473 - 1543 Developed a mathematical model for a Heliocentric solar system

23. Galileo Galilei(1564-1642) • Built the first thermometer and the pendulum clock. Made the first telescopes • First to point a telescope to the sky 1632: Publishes “A Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems” The book ridicules the geocentric position of the Church 1633: Convicted of heresy by the Church and confined to house arrest for the rest of his life 1992: The Catholic Church reopened the Galileo Trial and reversed its decision

24. Galileo the Astronomer The Moon is Bumpy Galileo drawings

25. Galileo the Astronomer The Sun Has Spots “The Sun is not the perfect and pure sphere expected of the divine heavens” Galileo drawings

26. Galileo the Astronomer Saturn has rings “…the star of Saturn is not a single star, but is a composite of three, which almost touch each other, never change or move relative to each other, and are arranged in a row, and they are situated in this form: oOo.” (letter to Cosimo Medici II) Saturn shape seems to vary with time Galileo's sketch of 1616 and engraving in The Assayer of 1623.

27. Philosophy

28. Nicolo Machiavelli • “To be feared is better than to be loved” • Political ends justify the means - justice is secondary to control

29. Leonardo da Vinci • Most famous of Florentines • Painter, mathematician, inventor, engineer, musician • Worked to show most accurate representation possible • Believed in the divinity of nature • Art should be inspired by the creator, not for cash

30. ``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, thefourteenth through to the sixteenth centuries. One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were: Foreshortening – portraying an object with the apparent shortening due to visual perspective.

32. Foreshortening

33. Historical Figures & Events • Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492) • Gutenberg Bible (1454) • Martin Luther (1483-1546) • Henry VIII (1491-1547) • First voyage of Columbus (1492) • Luther posts his Ninety-Five Theses (1517) • Church of England separates from Papacy (1534) • Council of Trent (1545) • William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

34. The Copernican Revolution • Copernicus (1473-1543) revived the idea of a Sun-centered solar system model: • However, like Aristarchus, Copernicus’s model was not accurate enough to convince many people. • Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) made accurate (arcminutes) nake-eye measurement of planet motion • Tycho believed that planets must circle the Sun, but his failure to detect stellar parallax forced him to put the Earth at the center of the system, with the Sun orbiting the Earth, and the planets orbit the Sun. • Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) were able to make accurate prediction with his heliocentric model of planetary orbits, agreeing with Tyco’s observation • Kepler’s initial failure (using prefect circular orbits) to match Tyco’s observation led him to adopt a model with elliptical planetary orbit. • Galileo Galilei’s (1564-1642) telescopic observations helped solidify the heliocentric view of the solar system.

35. Symmetry – correct proportion of body parts, grouping of figures so that they are the same on both sides.

37. VENUS

39. Another Botticelli art work

40. ``Renaissance''--meaning ``rebirth''--is given to a period of broad cultural achievement spanning three centuries, thefourteenth through to the sixteenth centuries. One of the main features of art during the Renaissance were: Humanism - A person who studied the classics was called a humanist. Humanists recreated classical styles in art, literature, and architecture.