Europe/Russia Review Sheet

1. Europe/Russia Review Sheet NCHS

2. Europe Physical Geography • 1. What countries lie on: • Scandinavian Peninsula:Norway and Sweden • Jutland Peninsula: Denmark and Germany • Iberian Peninsula: Spain and Portugal • Italian Peninsula: Italy • Balkan Peninsula: Greece

3. Europe Physical Geography • 2. What do all the islands of Europe depend on? Trade • 3. What mountain range goes through France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and the Balkan Peninsula? Alps • 4. What is the most fertile agricultural region in the world? Northern European Plain • 5. What are the four major religions of Europe? Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Islam

4. Europe Physical Geography • 6. What are the two main climate regions of Europe? Humid Continental and Marine West Coast • 7. How many time zones does Russia have? 11 • 8. What is chernozem? Rich black topsoil of the Northern European Plain • 9. What physical feature dominates Russia’s far East? Volcanoes

5. Europe Physical Geography • 10. What is the longest river in Europe? Volga • 11. What is the largest inland sea in the world? Caspian Sea • 12. What is happening to the Aral Sea? Why? Shrinking because of diversion of rivers for irrigation of cotton • 13. What is special about Lake Baikal? Deepest lake in the world, oldest lake in the world, 1200 unique species (endemic), mud is 5 miles thick, holds 20% of the world’s freshwater

6. Russia Recap • 14. What year did the Russian Revolution take place? 1917 (Bolshevik) • 15. What was the full name of the Soviet Union? Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • 16. What imaginary “item” surrounded the Soviet Bloc countries? Iron Curtain • 17. What was the Cold War? Power struggle between the Soviet Union and US • 18. When did the Cold War take place? 1945-1990 • 19. Who were the key leaders that helped push the Soviet Union to change? Reagan and Gorbachev

7. Europe/Russia Vocabulary • 20. Fjord- Deep sided glacial valley filled with sea water • 21. Peat-decomposing plant matter used for fuel • 22. North Atlantic Drift- Warm water current from tropics keeping northern European ports thawed out in winter • 23. Polder- Land reclaimed from the sea • 24. Seaworks- Controls the seas destructive power on the earth

8. 25. Terpen- High earthen dams-part of seaworks • 26. Crusades-Series of HOLY Wars designed to take the Holy land back from the Muslims • 27. Continentality- A regions distance from the moderating influence of the sea • 28. Distance Decay- the concept that increasing distances b/w places tends to reduce the interaction between them

9. European Scavenger Hunt • What city used Gonolas? Venice • Russia Scavenger Hunt • 30. How deep is Lake Baikal? 5,800 feet • 31. What two rivers flow into the Aral Sea? Syr Darya and Amu Darya • 32. What is an exclave? Part of a country that is separate from the main country and surrounded by a foreign country

10. France Revealed • 33. When did French women get the right to vote? • After WWII

11. Western Europe Handout • 34. What is the Reformation and what was its significance?When the Catholic Church split into Catholic and Protestant. Roman Catholic Church loses power • 35. Define Feudalism- Political system in Western Europe when Kings allowed nobles to use their land in exchange for protection • 36. What were the effects of industrialism on European Countries? Set up colonies to get raw materials, created rivalries • 37. Define Holocaust- Mass murder of European Jews and other minorities by Hitler • 38. What purpose did the Berlin Wall serve? Separate E/W Berlin

12. Northern Europe • 39. What parts of the world did Great Britain have colonies in by 1880s?Americas, Asia, Africa and Oceania • 40. How did Great Britain help to shape the modern world? (two things) Representative Government, and Industrial Revolution • 41. Describe the Industrial Revolution- Use of coal and iron for machines and industry-leads to empire building

13. Italy Revealed • 42. What country is the head of the Catholic Church? Vatican City • 43. What type of travel is forbidden in Venice? Car travel • 44. What city is Italy’s economic heart? Milan

14. Mediterranean Timeline • 45. When was Rome founded? 753 BC When did it spilt? Split in 395 AD • 46. What is the Renaissance? Renewed interest in learning and the arts. When was it? 14th -16th century • 47. What were the Crusades? Series of Wars designed to take the Holy Land back from the Muslims. When were they? 1096 • 48. When was the Bubonic plague? 1347

15. Eastern Europe Reading Guide • 49. Why did the Soviet Union set up communist governments in Eastern Europe? Protect itself from ivasion • 50. Who held on to Eastern Europe after the Roman Empire fell? Byzantine • 51. What is Balkanization? The breaking up of countries into small hostile units • 52. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s who led them to more freedom? Gorbachev • 53. What type of economy did most of these nations move to after 1989? Market • 54. What is anti-Semitism?discrimination against Jews

16. Russia Revealed • 55. What is Siberia? 5 million square miles-characteristic of permafrost • 56. What are gulags? Prison camps in USSR • 57. What did the Communists do to Christians? • Harassed believers, executed priests and destroyed churches • 58. How many federal republics does Russia have? 21 • 59. What physical feature dominates the Kamchatka Peninsula? volcanoes

17. Chernobyl • 60. What was it? What were the effects of it