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Japan's Environmental Policies: Past & Present

Delve into Japan's evolving environmental policies from historical pollution to current measures. Learn about global warming, biodiversity, 3R practices, and more.

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Japan's Environmental Policies: Past & Present

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  1. Yasuhiro KANDA Director Hyogo Prefectural Institute of Environmental Sciences Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association Serbia Webinar: December 18, 2014 Environmental Policies in JapanPart 2: Present Environmental Status and Environmental Policies

  2. Contents Part1. History of Environmental Pollution and Environmental Policies - Transition of Environmental Issues - Four Major Environmental Pollution Diseases - Pollution Diet, etc. Part2. Present Environmental Status and Environmental Policies - Global Warming -Biological Diversity - ３R（Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) - Environmental Pollution, etc.

  3. Global Warming 1 Source: IEA CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion 2013

  4. Global Warming 2 GHG emissions in Hyogo: trends and forecast ▲3.8% ▲2.2% Total ▲6.0% Emission coefficient

  5. Global Warming 3 Policy measures Low carbon model city Sector Specific Measures (Industrial, Commercial, Residential, Transport, Energy) (Top Runner, BEMS/HEMS, CASBEE, etc.) Regulations on Fluorocarbons Sink (forestation) Local government’s plan MRV (measurement, reporting and verification) COOLBIZ, WARMBIZ, smart move, light down campaign Carbon footprint at households Initiatives of public organizations Carbon tax Emissions Trading Carbon Offset Feed In Tariff (promotion of Renewable Energy) Adaptation R&D etc.

  6. Biological Diversity 1 5-30 Million Species 20,000 66,000 1.75Million World Endangered, Vulnerable Red List Identified Estimated Japan • Many species in small land • High rate of endemic species 300,000 Species 90,000 3,600 5,600

  7. Biological Diversity ２ Monitoring Sites 1000 Project Satoyama Alpine Zones Seagrass Beds Geese and Ducks Forests Seabirds Sea Turtles Algal Beds Source: Biodiversity Center of Japan

  8. Biological Diversity 3 Basic Act on Biodiversity Fundamental Principles: Conservation of biodiversity, Use of biodiversity Preventive & adaptive method, Long-term standpoint, etc. Nature Conservation Law Ex. Shirakami-Sanchi World Heritage site (Natural) Purpose: to protect and manage natural resources and natural ecosystems in cooperation with other related laws. Natural Parks Law Ex. Fujisan World Heritage site (Cultural) Purpose: to preserve beautiful scenic areas and their ecosystems and to contribute to the health, recreation and culture of citizens by promoting their utilization

  9. Biological Diversity 4 Nature Restoration Projects In Hyogo Oriental White Stork (Photo: Hyogo pref.) Mt. Rokko (Photo: wiki) (Photo: City of Toyooka) Amagasaki 21st Century Forest (Photo: Hyogo pref.)

  10. Biological Diversity 5 Satoyama (Source: Hokusetsu-Satoyama Museum) Satoumi (Source: Satoumi net)

  11. 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) 1 ① Input of Natural Resources Reduce resource efficiency: GDP/① Production（Manufacturing, Distribution, etc.) Material Recycle Consumption, Use ② Reuse recycle utilization rate: 　　　　　　　　　　　②/①+② Discard Treatment (Recycling, Incineration, etc.) Thermal Recovery Final Disposal Proper Disposal ③ final disposal:　③ Image of a Sound Material Cycle Society

  12. 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) 2 Basic Act for Establishing A Sound Material Cycle Society • Waste Management Law • Resources Utilization Law • Containers & Packaging (steel can, aluminum can, non-colored container, charcoal colored container, other colored container, paper pack, cardboard, other container, PET bottle, other plastic container/package) • Home Appliances (Television set, Refrigerator, Air conditioner, Washing machine) • Food Waste (manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer, restaurant) • Construction Waste (concrete, construction materials consisting of concrete and iron, wood, asphalt-concrete) • End-of-life Vehicle (retailer→Freon collection→airbag collection→shredder residue collection) • Small Electronic Appliances (almost all electronic appliances: depends on city area) • Green Purchasing Law

  13. Air Pollution 1 ppm SO2 1970-2010 General station General station Roadside station Roadside station 1970 2000 1980 2010 1990 ppm NO2 1970-2010 1980 1970 2000 1990 2010

  14. Air Pollution 2 Air Pollution Control Law The purposes of this Act are to protect the health of citizens and to protect the living environment from air pollution by, among other things, controlling emissions, etc. of Soot and Smoke, Volatile Organic Compounds, and Particulates associated with the business activities of factories and workplaces and with the demolition, etc. of buildings, etc., by promoting the implementation of measures against hazardous air pollutants and  by setting maximum permissible limits for automobile exhaust;  and to protect victims where air pollution has caused harm to human health by providing for the liability of business operators for damages.

  15. Air Pollution 3 Measures in the Hyogo Automobile NOx/PM Total Emission Reduction Plan 1. Automobile unit regulation strengthening automobile exhaust gas regulations, thorough control of vehicle inspection etc. 2. Automobile model regulation automobile registration regulation on models in specified areas 3. Automobile traffic regulation in specified areas 4. Promotion of low emission vehicle 5. Traffic stream measures and others

  16. Air Pollution 4 Photochemical Smog ■Number of Alert Announce Days ○Number of Victims 1970-2013 2010 1970 1980 1990 2000 PM2.5 generation mechanisms Source: MOE

  17. Water Pollution 1 BOD/COD Environmental Standard Achievement Rate 1974-2010 River 93.0% Total 88.2% Sea 78.4% Achievement Rate Lake 53.7% 1980 1990 2010 2000

  18. Water Pollution 2: Enclosed Seas Baltic Sea North Sea Seto-inland Sea Black Sea Mediterranean Sea Chesapeake Bay (Source: Google map)

  19. Water Pollution 3: Land Reclamation in Osaka Bay Source: The Association for the Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea Source: Yahoo map Source: Fisheries Agency Source: MOE Source: MOE

  20. Water Pollution 4: Trends in Fish Catches in Seto Inland Sea 1,000 tons Fish Other aquatic animal Shell fish Seagrass cultivation fish Production Amount cultivation 2010 1990 2000 1970 1980 Source: The Association for the Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea

  21. Water Pollution 5: Satoumi and Substance Circulation Source: Ministryof the Environment

  22. Environmental Education Children’s presentation at an elementally school Finding organisms at a tidal flat Hyogo EE Center Playing a nature game Photo: Hyogo pref.

  23. Conclusions • Command and Control • emission standards, land use, etc. • Procedural regulation • Environmental Impact Assessment, • Pollutant Release and Transfer Register • Economic incentives • subsidy, tax, emissions trading, etc. • Voluntary measures • agreement, pledge and review, etc. • Information disclosure • environmental report, carbon disclosure, eco-label, etc.

  24. Tank You Very Much For Your Attentions.

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