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The Family

The Family. Preview Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Section 2: The American Family Chapter Wrap-Up. Read to Discover What are the norms that influence the ways in which marriage patterns are organized around the world?

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The Family

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  1. The Family Preview Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Section 2: The American Family Chapter Wrap-Up

  2. Read to Discover What are the norms that influence the ways in which marriage patterns are organized around the world? What are the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies? Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective

  3. Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Question What norms are related to marriage partner, residential, descent, and authority patterns?

  4. Marriage-Partner Patterns Descent Patterns Residential Patterns Authority Patterns Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective  monogamy  polygamy  polygyny  polyandry  patrilineal descent  matrilineal descent  bilateral descent  patrilocality  matrilocality  bilocality  neolocality  patriarchy  matriarchy  egalitarian

  5. Number of marriage partners—in industrialized nations marriages are usually monogamous, whereas in pre-industrial societies the normal pattern is polygyny (multiple wives) Residential Patterns—once individuals are married they must decide where to live: patrilocal, near the husband’s parents; matrilocal, near the wife’s parents; bilocal, near one or the other; or neolocal, apart from both sets of parents Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective

  6. Descent Patterns—in some societies people trace kinship through the father’s side of the family (patrilineal); in others descent is traced through the mother’s side of the family (matrilineal) or through both parents (bilateral) Authority Patterns—the three basic types are patriarchy (father holds the authority), matriarchy (mother holds the authority), and egalitarian (mother and father share the authority) Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective

  7. Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective Question What are the basic societal needs that the institution of the family satisfies?

  8. Regulation of sexual activity—enforce incest taboo which is a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives Reproduction—societies establish norms governing childbearing and child rearing, to replace members who die or move away Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective

  9. Socialization—children must be taught the ways of the society into which they are born Economic and Emotional Security—family acts as the basic economic unit in society and, in most cases, labor is divided on the basis of gender and age; family also guides emotional and psychological development, and should provide a loving and caring environment Section 1: The Family in Cross-Cultural Perspective

  10. Read to Discover How do American families begin and what disruptions might they face? What are trends in American family life currently being examined by sociologists? Section 2: The American Family

  11. Marriage begins with courtship and marriage between either homogamous (similar social characteristics) or heterogamous (different social characteristics) couples Disruptions include family violence, divorce, empty nest, return of adult children, and death of a spouse Section 2: The American Family Beginnings of the American Family and Disruptions

  12. Section 2: The American Family Question What trends exist in American family life?

  13. Delayed Childbearing Delayed Marriage Trends in American Family Life Childlessness Remarriage One-parent Families Dual-earner Families Section 2: The American Family

  14. Delayed Marriages—current trend is to marry later in life; being single has become an acceptable alternative to being married Delayed Childbearing—women are delaying childbirth to complete their education and establish a career Childlessness—couples are making the conscious choice to remain voluntarily childless Section 2: The American Family

  15. Dual-Earner Marriages—increase in the number of dual-earner marriages due to the increased number of women entering the workforce One-Parent Families—come about in various ways such as divorce, death of a spouse, births to unwed mothers, or adoption by unmarried individuals Remarriage—the majority of people who get divorced—about 75 percent—get remarried Section 2: The American Family

  16. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas • How are families structured around the world? • What four basic questions help to determine how a society or group within a society organizes families? • What functions does the family fulfill? • How do sociologists explain the high rate of divorce in the United States? • Why has the number of married women in the workforce increased?

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