Thesis: The class structure is the same but the difficulty is greater.

1. To what extent was your HS school experience a continuation of your Junior high school experience and to what extent was it a departure? Thesis: The class structure is the same but the difficulty is greater. Emotionally, we remain how we were in middle school but the students change and there is more personal growth in high school to become who we are. We continue to learn and develop as we did in middle school but the freedom and independence helps us better understand what we want to do with our lives and what we like to learn. We continue to be offered more responsibilities but at Murrow especially we have a lot of responsibilities and need to find ways to stay organized and on task.

2. To what extent was late 19th century and early 20th century US expansionism a continuation of past US expansionism and to what extent was it a departure?

5. John O’Sullivan: Manifest Destiny 1839 It is so destined, because the principle upon which a nation is organized fixes its destiny, and that of equality is perfect, is universal. It presides in all the operations of the physical world, and it is also the conscious law of the soul -- the self-evident dictates of morality, which accurately defines the duty of man to man, and consequently man's rights as man. Besides, the truthful annals of any nation furnish abundant evidence, that its happiness, its greatness, its duration, were always proportionate to the democratic equality in its system of government. . . . What friend of human liberty, civilization, and refinement, can cast his view over the past history of the monarchies and aristocracies of antiquity, and not deplore that they ever existed? What philanthropist can contemplate the oppressions, the cruelties, and injustice inflicted by them on the masses of mankind, and not turn with moral horror from the retrospect? America is destined for better deeds. It is our unparalleled glory that we have no reminiscences of battle fields, but in defence of humanity, of the oppressed of all nations, of the rights of conscience, the rights of personal enfranchisement. Our annals describe no scenes of horrid carnage, where men were led on by hundreds of thousands to slay one another, dupes and victims to emperors, kings, nobles, demons in the human form called heroes. We have had patriots to defend our homes, our liberties, but no aspirants to crowns or thrones; nor have the American people ever suffered themselves to be led on by wicked ambition to depopulate the land, to spread desolation far and wide, that a human being might be placed on a seat of supremacy.

7. Sample Introduction #1: In the early and mid 19th century, Manifest Destiny established a precedent for U.S. expansionism. American Imperialism was a continuation of manifest destiny to the extent that we expanded our economic and political power over native people, used similar justifications, and _____. However, the departure can be seen in our lack of interest in actually settling in imperialized territories,the aggressive approach we used to conquer other nations that were already conquered by European powers, and the strengthened national stability that existed after imperialism.

8. Outline Look at how my essay outline matches the arguments I set up in my thesis – color coded! : First part of my thesis/Paragraph 1: Political and economic examples of how Imperialism is a continuation: • Ex for MD: Economic – Gold rush, access to the Mississippi River, farm land, • Ex for how Imperialism is a continuation is access to sugar fields, the Pacific Ocean, farm land for the United Fruit Company – specific resources. • Ex for MD political: Kansas Nebraska Act • Ex for Imperialism as continuation: Importing Jim Crow laws into Panama • The continuation is that Americans included policies that reflected the issues and tensions happening in the U.S. We see this with the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it shows… • The Jim crow laws in Panama show that we are doing the same thing again by…. Second part of my thesis/Paragraph 2: Similar justifications • Ex for MD (John O’Sullivan/Turner’s Frontier Thesis, Polk’s reasons for Mex American War) • Ex for Imperialism (Yellow Journalism, White Man’s Burden, McKinley’s reasons to go into the Philippines, Roosevelt’s justification for claiming the canal, Dollar diplomacy, moral diplomacy) • “THIS SHOWS A SIMILARITY WITH MANIFEST DESTINY AND THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR OR THE FRONTIER THESIS BECAUSE….”  SENTENCES LIKE THIS ARE ESSENTIAL IN YOUR ESSAY!!!! And so on, and so forth, until I’ve answered all parts of my thesis in the essay.

9. Sample Introduction #2: Imperialism would not be possible without the precedents established by Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny created national instability by triggering the Civil War and was founded on motivations and justifications that vastly differed from those of a stronger, Imperial nation in the early 20th century. The only continuation between Manifest Destiny and Imperialism was the consequence of our actions on native people and the extent to which rich Americans benefited more from Imperialism while manifest destiny allowed all Americans an equal share.

10. Outline #2 Huge Departure: • MD: Motivations: Louisiana Purchase, why Jefferson bought it, Texas annexation, why we annexed it, Monroe Doctrine? • Imperialism Motivations: Roosevelt Corollary, Dollar Diplomacy and what this did in central america, moral diplomacy and how this impacted issues in Mexico – the world saw us as bullies, they were critical, it made relations with other countries NEGATIVE where as Manifest Destiny led to very FAVORABLE relations with other countries like France and English (louisiana purchase and oregon purchase as examples). • MD Consequences: Instability, Mexican American War, slavery argument in Congress, laws and extremists actions and groups that were triggered by westward expansion, the Civil War, the destruction of the South • IMPERIALISM consequences: Highly unifying effect. Despite the anti imperialism league protests, McKinley, a pro-imperialist was re-elected, yellow journalism successful and far-reaching influence, the Jones Act, the Panama Canal returned in 1999, why it took us so long to give other countries their “independence.” We NEVER RETURNED our “manifest destiny” territories but we did return some of our imperialized lands and this shows … Continuation: • MD: Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears/Slavery spreads to Texas, • Imperialism: Policy in the Philippines, issues in Panama, Platt Amendment in Cuba – this is similar to Trail of Tears because… (YOU MUST SAY THINGS LIKE THIS IN YOUR ESSAY – MAKE THE CONNECTION EXPLICIT!), White Man’s Burden,

11. Sample Paragraphs from previous essays – details details – dates, laws, people, analysis. The goals of our interests in the Pacific were to participate in the land grab for China, gain a foothold in the Pacific for military bases, resources, and trade markets. These economic, commercial goals were covered up by our "humanitarian" political talk. The consequence of our actions was the involvement in violent acts to subdue native peoples for our gain. Our resistance in giving the Philippines a much deserved independence is evident in the Jones Law which committed to granting independence as soon as a "stable government῀ could be established. On the surface this was a continuation of the seemingly good intentioned Monroe Doctrine, America the protector of democracy and self-government. While, in reality, the support of independence hinged on whether Filipinos were deemed capable of self-government, and according to us, they were not. This is a departure from the pre-imperial expansion ideals because the U.S. intended to stay in the Philippines, control them, and only ten years later with the Tydings -McDuffy Act, grant them independence which was a false independence because the country remained a U.S. territory. With the Monroe Doctrine we were attempting to protect ourselves and our independence from further European colonization while in the case of the Philippines we became the very colonizers we were attempting to prevent. The Monroe Doctrine had an element of fear and protection to it, emphasizing closed borders, while with the Philippines, we sought control. This is also exemplified by US military involvement with Aguinaldo's rebel army because…