1 / 28

Chapter # 10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221)

Chapter # 10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221). Statistical Results – Biased Coin-flipping. Tuesday’s Lab Thursday’s Lab.  2 0.05, 1,4 = 18.06 Reject Null Hypothesis (Statistically Significant) (P < 0.05).  2 0.05, 1,4 = 0.86 Accept Null Hypothesis (No Difference) (P > 0.05).

yoland
Download Presentation

Chapter # 10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221)

  2. Statistical Results – Biased Coin-flipping Tuesday’s Lab Thursday’s Lab 20.05, 1,4= 18.06 Reject Null Hypothesis (Statistically Significant) (P < 0.05) 20.05, 1,4= 0.86 Accept Null Hypothesis (No Difference) (P > 0.05) 20.05, 2,8=7.28 Reject Null Hypothesis (Statistically Significant) (P < 0.05)

  3. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.1 Population Growth Reflects the Difference Between Birth and Death. 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. 10.3 Different Life Tables Reflect Different Approaches to Defining Cohorts and Age Structure. 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

  4. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. Life Tables provide an age-specific account of mortality. The construction of a life table begins with a cohort - a group of individuals born in the same period of time.

  5. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx. • 0 530 • 159 • 80 • 48 • 21 • 5

  6. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. x nx. 0-1 530 1-2 159 2-3 80 3-4 48 4-5 21 5-6 5 Gray Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis)

  7. 159/530 Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. lx = the probability at birth of surviving to any given age. x nxlx. 0-1 530 1.00 1-2 1590.30 2-3 80 0.15 3-4 48 0.09 4-5 21 0.04 5-6 5 0.01

  8. 159 - 80 530 - 159 Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. dx = an estimate of age-specific mortality. This is the number of individuals that died during any given time interval. x nxdx. 0-1 530371 1-2 15979 2-3 80 32 3-4 48 27 4-5 21 16 5-6 5 5

  9. 371/530 79/159 Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival. qx = an estimate of age-specific mortality. x nx dxqx. 0-1 5303710.70 1-2 159790.50 2-3 80 32 0.40 3-4 48 27 0.55 4-5 21 16 0.75 5-6 5 5 1.00

  10. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.2 Life Tables Provide a Schedule of Age-Specific Mortality and Survival.

  11. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) Females Born Before 1900 Born After 1900 Males Born Before 1900 Born After 1900 Locations Falls City Cemetery Fircrest (Monmouth Cemetery Crystal Lake Cemetery (Corvallis)

  12. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.3 Different Life Tables Reflect Different Approaches to Defining Cohorts and Age Structure. Dynamic Life Table – Following the fate (cohort) of a group of individuals born at a given time (year). Time-specific Life Table – One sample period assumes: constant birth and death rates each cohort sample according to actual population proportions.

  13. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

  14. Years and Months Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) Stonecrop (Sedum smallii)

  15. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves.

  16. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves. Type I – when individuals live out their physiological life span followed by heavy mortality at the end (convex). ex. - large mammals and humans

  17. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves. Type II – when survivorship rates do not vary with age (straight line). ex. – adult birds (some waterfowl and migratory songbirds, small mammals and reptiles.

  18. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.4 Life Tables Provide Data for Mortality and Survivorship Curves. Type I – when mortality rates are extremely high early in life (concave). ex. – fish, invertebrates, plants (annual and perennial).

  19. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.6 Birthrate and Survivorship Determine Net Reproductive Rate (R0). Fecundity – the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population. Net Reproductive Rate (R0) – the average number of females that will be left (progeny) during a lifetime by a newborn female. If (R0) is < 1.0, the population is decreasing. If (R0) is = 1.0, the replacement. If (R0) is > 1.0, the population is increasing.

  20. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.7 Age-Specific Mortality and Birthrates Can Be Used to Project Population Change.

  21. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.7 Age-Specific Mortality and Birthrates Can Be Used to Project Population Change. From such a projection table (life table) you can calculate the age distribution (stable or stationary) for each age class or cohort in the population and to project population growth (λ - lambda).

  22. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) 10.8 Stochastic Processes Can Influence Population Dynamics. Stochasticity –variation in a population from random effects within a season or time period (t). Demographic Stochasticity – variation in population growth/declining rates from random effects among individuals in survival and reproduction within a season or time period (t). Environmental Stochasticity – variation in population growth/declining rates from random effects arising from environmental factors or the occurrence of natural disasters such as fire, flood, and drought within a season or time period (t).

  23. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) • 10.9 A Variety of Fators Can Lead to Population Extinction. • Resource Shortage • Restoration/Reintroduction • Potential new competitors, • predators, etc. (Human-assisted)

  24. Chapter #10 – Population Growth (pg. 204 – 221) • 10.10 Small Populations are Susceptible to Extinction. • Stochastic Effects. • Wide Dispersal/Small Populations may have trouble locating mates. • Allee Effect – a decline in reproduction or survival at low densities. • Genetic Drift – random change in gene frequency. • Inbreeding.

More Related