Chapter 6: Federalists and Republicans

1. Chapter 6: Federalists and Republicans 1789-1816

2. Section One:

3. The New Government The Bill of Rights was added in 1791 10 Amendments were added because of a promise to anti-federalists to protect basic rights Freedom of Religion, Speech, Fair Trials, etc The 10th Amendment= whatever is not stated in Constitution is power given to the states

4. First President George Washington The only President to win by unanimous vote

5. Institutions of Power • President Washington established a Cabinet, an advisory team • Secretary/Department of State • Secretary/Department of Treasury • Attorney General • Secretary/Department of War • The judicial branch was organized, establishing the Supreme Court

6. Department of State Thomas Jefferson Deals with matters of foreign affairs

7. Department of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton Deals with financial and monetary matters of the country

8. Financing the Government was Top Priority • Needed REVENUE= Needed MONEY • Created the Tariff of 1789 • Supported by A. Hamilton • A Tariff is a tax on imported and/or exported goods • Hurt the South the most

9. The Right to Borrow Money Hamilton believed we needed to be able to borrow money to pay off the debt Had Congress take on all debt from the war Federal government created BONDS- paper notes promising to repay the debt in exchange for money

10. Opposition to Bonds They were not worth their value Opposition led by Madison Felt South was being hurt- they were losing more money than the North through bonds Feared North would dominate the South

11. Another Compromise • Jefferson, Madison, and Hamilton agreed on a plan • Madison and the South supported the plan • The Capital was to be moved South from New York (modern day Washington DC) • By moving Capital South, the South felt this would offset the economic and political advantages of the North

12. The Bank of the United States Or B.U.S. Proposed by Hamilton- created by Congress B.U.S. would: create a common currency promote trade encourage investment stimulate economic growth

13. Not Everyone Liked the B.U.S. Again, South thought the North would benefit the most James Madison thought it violated the Constitution- nowhere did it say the federal government could create a bank

14. Get on the B.U.S. • Washington signs the bill- lasts next 20 years • Thought it did NOT violate the Constitution • Article I, Sec 8 federal government had power “to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” • The Necessary and Proper Clause created IMPLIED POWERS- • They are powers that you have because it is necessary to do the job, but not stated in Constitution

15. The Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton also believed in taxing the people He taxed whiskey Enraged Western farmers In 1794, rebellion erupted Claimed “taxation without representation”

16. Outcome of the Whiskey Rebellion Washington ordered 15,000 troops to stop rebellion They were, in fact represented The use of force by government on its own people worried some

17. A Change in Name Federalists Democratic-Republicans Washington, Adams, Hamilton Wanted to work on industrialization Madison and Jefferson Used to be anti-federalists (Madison changes) Also called Republicans Will in the 1800s become the Democratic party Wanted to focus on agriculture (agrarianism)

18. Section 2:

19. President Washington First President of the United States Set the precedence for only serving 2 terms Remember to reference your Presidential Chart!!!

20. During His Time and President Major treaties Expansionism • Jay’s Treaty • Regulated trade with the British, appeared to be Pro-British • Pinckney’s Treaty • Treaty with Spain • Allowed US to use Mississippi River US was rapidly moving West towards Mississippi River Needed to figure out plan with native populations….

21. Washington’s Farewell Address His warning was……

22. John Adams Second President of the United States

23. The Election of 1800 Between Adams, Jefferson, Burr, Pinckney, and Jay Came down to Adams and Jefferson, but no one had majority of electoral votes It then goes to the House to vote- but they kept tying Finally, Jefferson won- Adams was ashamed

24. The Revolution of 1800 Term coined by Thomas Jefferson Replaced Federalist with Anti-Federalist ideas Thought Washington and Adams were too much like royalty Created a less formal presidency

25. Jefferson’s Presidency Wanted: smaller central government weaker central government to eliminate standing army to eliminate the whiskey tax Cut government spending

26. Role of Supreme Court Increases • First important court case: • Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Established concept of JUDICIAL REVIEW • The power of the judicial branch to review laws created/enforced by other branches

27. More Westward Expansion Need more agricultural land to fulfill Jefferson’s agrarian society Only could go west

28. The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon wants to sell it to US- he needs the money Jefferson wants to- but can he??? By doing so, he would violate his thoughts on government At $15 million- he could not pass it up, so he executed the purchase US doubled in size!

29. Exploring the West Louis and Clark With the help of Sacagawea, they make it all the way to Pacific Ocean

30. International Tensions • Problems with Britain • Impressment- the British were kidnapping US sailors at sea and forced them into military service • Instead of going to war, Jefferson passes the Embargo Act 1807 • embargo-= ban on trade • Did not work- war is looking possible

31. War of 1812 See additional papers for notes on this topic