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INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT. In digital devices there are only two values, usually referred to as 0 and 1. 1 means there is a voltage (usually 5 volts) and 0 means the voltage is 0 volts

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INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL ELECTRONICS: THE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

  2. In digital devices there are only two values, usually referred to as 0 and 1. 1 means there is a voltage (usually 5 volts) and 0 means the voltage is 0 volts • In the 1960s, microelectronics got another boost with the creation of the integrated circuit, or IC for short.

  3. What is Integrated Circuit • Integrated Circuit- an electrical lay-out etched on thin, small, layers of semiconductor materials, incorporating or integrating various components inside, with the result of having a single device perform a particular function.

  4. Descrbing Integrated Circuits (Ics)

  5. Advantages of Integrated Circuits • 1. Integrated circuits incorporate several functions and circuitry in one small, thin rectangular-shaped object. • 2. Integrated Circuits have low power consumption

  6. Disadvantages of Integrated Circuits • 1. When an IC is damaged , you cannot repair it • 2. Ics that are sensitive to static electricity can easily be damaged by it • 3. The sensitivity of the IC makes it important to provide the proper packaging and storage for it.

  7. FAMILIES OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS • Integrated circuits can be classified into many groups, and these are some of the groupings of the various integrated circuits: • 1.Number of components • 2. Packaging • 3. Purpose

  8. TYPES OF ICs ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS • 1. SSI(Small Scale Integration)- For ICs with only a few transistorized components, mostly less that twenty. • 2. MSI(Medium Scale Integration)- This group includes ICs with 20 to a few hundred transistorized components. It can be also composed of several SSI components • 3. LSI (Large Scale Integration) – This involves ICs which have components numbering in the thousands • 4. VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration) – This comprises about 1000,000 to as high as several million miniaturized components in one chip

  9. TYPES OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ACCORDING TO PACKAGING • 1. SIP( Single In-Line Package)- contain pins aligned only one side • 2. DIP(Dual In-Line Package)- The pins are arranged only on two sides of the package and are arranged in a single line. • 3. QIP(Quad In-Line Package)- The pins are arranged on all four sides of the packages which is square shape • 4. PGA(Pin Grid Array)- This is similar to QIP but it runs in sevral layers deep • 5. TSOP(Thin-Small-Outline Package- A special quad package, but for smaller ICs like memory components

  10. TYPES OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION • 1. General Purpose Integrated Circuits • 2. Hybrid Integrated Circuits • 3. Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC)

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