Setting the Stage: Turn of the 20 th Century

1. Setting the Stage:Turn of the 20th Century Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

2. Journal: • Why study history? What tools do we use to study history?

3. 20th century began with great promise • Technology, inventions • Wright Brothers, 1903 • Edison, Ford • Science • Darwin, Mendel, Marie Curie, Freud • Mass culture and entertainment

4. However… • One of the deadliest centuries in human history • Some stats: • About 180 million people killed from war in the 20th century • Genocide, nuclear threats • Contradiction between this and greater democratization and human rights

5. Three Major Themes/Ideas • Industrialization: Growth of industries for the machine production of goods • Nationalism: Belief in loyalty to one’s nation (people with a shared culture and history) • Imperialism: Strong nations dominating weaker nations politically, economically, or socially

6. Journal • Does technology and machinery improve or worsen our lives? Why? Defend your answer.

7. Industrialization • Look at the map on pg. 281: • Which countries do you think industrialized first? • Why? What factors lead to industrialization?

8. The Industrial Revolution • Why a revolution? • Began in England in the 1700’s • Agriculture: Enclosures • Improved farming techniques • Movement to cities (urbanization) • Industrialization • Machine mass production of goods • Requires land, labor, capital, and natural resources • Good economy (banking) and political stability • Textile production from new inventions • Improvements in transportation • Steam driven trains on railroads (1830’s)

9. Progress and Plight • Urbanization: Growth of cities • Factories near water sources • Working class: • Poor living conditions • Poor working conditions • Growth of the middle class • Long-term effects: • Improved standard of living, access to consumer goods

10. Spread of Industrialization • Spreads to U.S., Germany, France • Gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized countries leads to imperialism • Need for raw materials • Potential markets for products • Long-term: • Longer lifespans, better health, greater wealth in industrialized nations • Growth of a middle class leads to increased participation in democracy and social reforms

11. Today

12. Reforms • Unionization • Collective bargaining • Strikes • Child labor laws • Abolition of slavery • Women’s rights • Education

13. Journal #3 It was said that… “The Sun Never Sets On the British Empire” What do you know about the British Empire? Take a guess: what do you think this quote means? Hint: Look at the map on pg. 337 of your textbook

14. British Empire at the Height of its Power 1920’s ¼ of world’s pop.

15. Rule, Britannia! Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves Britons never, never, never shall be slaves. Rule Britannia! Britannia rule the waves. Britons never, never, never shall be slaves. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1XPHL4Q86t4

16. Imperialism: Essential Questions • What were the motives of the colonizers? • How did the imperialists control and manage their colonies? • What were the effects of imperialism? • How did Japan end its isolation and begin to modernize?

17. Journal #4 • If you wanted to control someone smaller or weaker than you, how could you do it? What methods might you use? • What might happen to them after you have dominated their lives? • Is this ever morally justified?

18. Forms of control • The Name of the Game: Empire Building • Types of imperialism: • Colony: Foreign power governs • Protectorate: Foreign power controls government • Sphere of influence: Foreign power has trade privileges • Economic Imperialism: Foreign business controls econ. • Forms of control: • Direct: No self-rule, no local leaders in government • Indirect: Limited self-rule of local leaders

19. Conflicts • African resistance: Zulus and British • Europeans: Boers, British, and Africans in South Africa • Boer War: British won • Limited control (British) vs. direct control (French) • Legacy: Positive and Negative Consequences • Political divisions, artificial boundaries • Breakdown of family, culture • Loss of land, disease, deaths from rebellions • Economic expansion

20. Vocabulary: • Racism • Social Darwinism • Paternalism • Assimilation • Directions: Choose a vocabulary word above and complete the Frayer Model graphic organizer

21. Scramble for Africa • Imperialism: Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country • Belgium takes the Congo (1880’s) • How? • Steamboats and maxim gun • Quinine to combat malaria • Exploiting diversity of African groups • Berlin Conference (1884-85)

22. Africa Before and After c. 1914 1870

23. Berlin Conference Simulation • Order for choosing territory: • 1. Portugal • 2. Spain • 3. Britain • 4. France • 5. Belgium • 6. Germany • 7. Italy

24. Journal #5 • How successful do you believe your country will be in achieving your goals at today’s Berlin Conference? Explain.

25. Journal #6: Where in the World? • Guess the country! Explain your guess. • Clues: • The world’s largest democracy • Main religions: • Hindus (80%) • Muslims (13%) • Other (Christian, Sikh): 7% • 16 official languages, including English • Capital city is New Delhi • Raise your hand if you would like one extra hint!

26. Answer: India

27. Europeans in the Middle East • Decline of the Ottoman Empire • Geopolitics: Taking strategically located land • Crimean War: Britain, France, Ottomans prevent Russia from taking Black Sea territory • “Great Game” between Britain and Russia over Afghanistan • Egypt modernizes: Suez Canal leads to British control of Egypt • Russian, British spheres of interest in Persia—for oil

28. Southeast Asia • Dutch East India Company in Indonesia • Rubber plantations and other cash crops • British in Malaysia • French in Indochina (Vietnam) • Rice production • Siam (Thailand) remained independent • King Mongkut plays France and Britain and modernizes • US in the Philippines, Hawaii (interest in sugar) • Hawaii annexed in 1898

29. Imperialism in India • Decline of Mughal Empire in the 1700s • British make deals with maharajahs • British East India Company sets up trading posts • Cash crops: Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, and opium to trade with China (for tea) • “Jewel in the crown” of colonies • What does this mean? • Decline in local handloom textile industry

30. Sepoy Rebellion (1857) • Sepoy Mutiny/India’s First War of Independenceled to the Raj (direct British government control) • Sepoys: Indian soldiers • Upset by a rumor that new cartridges for rifles would use cow and pig fat • Problem for the rebellion: the division between Hindus and Muslims • Film Study: Mangel Pandey, The Rising • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yXKbd5IDzU

31. Questions for viewing the film • 1. Why is MangalPandey considered India’s first national hero? • 2. What does MangalPandey mean when he says, “We are all untouchables in our own land”? • Untouchables: Lowest caste of Indian society • 3. What does Captain William Gordon warn will happen if the British execute MangalPandey?

32. Journal #7 • Do you think that there are any countries that are imperialistic today? Why or why not?

33. Japanese Imperialism • Europeans were not the only imperialists • Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) ends Japanese isolation and opens ports for trade • Meiji emperor modernizes the country • Industry, education, military buildup • Becomes the strongest military power in Asia and sought to control neighbors, especially Korea

34. Conflicts • Sino-Japanese War (1895): • Japan vs. China in Korea • Results: • Japan drives Chinese out of Korea, gains land in Manchuria • Gains colonies in Taiwan • Russo-Japanese War (1905): • Japan vs. Russia in Manchuria and Korea • Results: • Japan drives Russia out of Korea and holds Manchuria

36. Japan in Korea • 1905: Made Korea a protectorate • 1910: Annexed Korea, bringing them officially under Japan’s control • Forced Koreans to assimilate to Japanese culture • Unfair treatment of Koreans leads to a strong nationalist movement