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RESPIRATORY CENTER STIMULATED BY. CO 2 IN CNS AND . H + IN CSF . INCREASING DEPTH AND RATE OF BREATHING TO ?. RENAL EXCRETION OF HYDROGEN IONS. SECRETED BY ? ALSO REABSORB BICARBONATE WHY? IN URINE PHOSPHATES AND AMMONIA BUFFER H + H + + NH 3 NH 4 +.
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RESPIRATORY CENTER STIMULATED BY CO2 IN CNS AND H+ IN CSF INCREASING DEPTH AND RATE OF BREATHING TO ?
RENAL EXCRETION OF HYDROGEN IONS • SECRETED BY ? • ALSO REABSORB BICARBONATE WHY? • IN URINE PHOSPHATES AND AMMONIA BUFFER H+ • H+ + NH3 NH4+
REGULATION OF HYDROGEN IONS • FIRST LINE: BUFFER SYSTEMS BECAUSE ? • SECOND LINE: PHYSIOLOGICAL BUFFERS: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (MIN) AND RENAL MECHANISM (UP TO A FEW DAYS)
ACIDOSIS • ACCUMULATION OF ____________ OR LOSS OF ______________ • RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS = INCREASE OF _______________ • METABOLIC ACIDOSIS IS ?
ACIDOSIS CAUSED BY • KIDNEY DISEASE • EXCESSIVE VOMITTING (STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINES) • PROLONGED DIARRHEA • DIABETES MELLITUS
ACIDOSIS CORRECTIONS • BUFFER SYSTEMS • INCREASED BREATHING • KIDNEYS SECRETE H+
ALKALOSIS • IS ? • CAUSED BY HYPERVENTILATION • WHICH DEPLETES ? • COUNTERACTED BY? • PROTEIN BUFFERS (HEMOGLOBIN) HELP • RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DECREASES • KIDNEYS SECRETE LESS H+
ALKALOSIS • RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS FROM ? • METABOLIC ALKALOSIS FROM ? • RESPIRATORY FROM: • INJURY TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • OBSTRUCTION OF AIR TO ALVEOLI • DISEASES LIKE PNEUMONIA, EMPHYSEMA
ALKALOSIS • CAUSED BY ? • GASTRIC DRAINAGE • PROLONGED VOMITTING (STOMACH) • DIURETIC DRUGS
ALKALOSIS SYMPTOMS • DECREASED BREATHING RATE & DEPTH